Analysis and Optimization of DC Supply Range for the ESP32 Development Board

Abstract

<div><p>ESP32 is becoming a popular and potential game-changer in the IoT industry. Once a code completed, to take off without a USB power, questions rise about powering it; What’s the feasible external voltage range? What’s the current? Which cell battery? And so on. These questions cannot be quickly resolved by only skimming datasheets.</p><p><br></p><p>This paper went over to clarify the obscure information about the DC supply range for the ESP32 development board, especially ESP32-DevKitC V4. The investigation, calculation, experiments, and LTspice simulation disclosed the result. Starting from getting relevance facts from datasheets of essential components on the board, calculated thermal conditions of the heated element, experimented to confirm the deliberate and get empirical data while code running including GPIO and WiFi, and ended with simulation ensure the data.</p><p><br></p><p>This paper concludes the following result points. The minimum supply voltage is 3.6 V to run an ESP32 module. The supply voltage should be under 10 V for both input capacitor rated voltage and LDO junction temperature rating. The thermal restriction was calculated at an ambient temperature of 25 °C and tried and tested. For a more harsh environment, this way could derate the upper limit voltage. An external power should supply current well over average 100 mA, a good 1 A. In terms of battery, this range reassures that an ESP32 can run with a single cell LiPo. Regarding the USB, both the high power and low power port can supply sufficiently. While an external supply being no less than 5.2 V, both the USB and external sources could work simultaneously.</p></div><div><br></div>

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“…We noticed that using a USB cable without supplying voltage between the ESP32 and the computer leads to more stable ADC characteristics. The possible interference between simultaneous supply via the USB voltage common collector (VCC) and the 5 V pin of the ESP32 board has already been described for V ext < 5.2 V [24]. Therefore, we prepared a dataonly USB cable from a standard micro-USB cable for data transfer to the computer according to literature instructions [25].…”

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“…Mikrokontroler ESP32-S merupakan pilihan yang ideal untuk mengimplementasikan sistem deteksi dini kebocoran gas berbasis sensor. ESP32-S memiliki kemampuan komputasi yang cukup tinggi, serta dukungan untuk berbagai jenis sensor dan komunikasi nirkabel [8] . Hal ini memungkinkan pengembang untuk membuat sistem deteksi yang handal dan efisien dengan menggunakan platform yang terjangkau dan mudah diakses.…”