Analysis and pretreatment of beauty hair salon wastewater using a rapid granular multimedia filtration system

Maifadi, Sebabatso; Mhlanga, Sabelo D.; Nxumalo, Edward N.; Motsa, Machawe M.; Kuvarega, Alex T.

doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2019.101050

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The generated wastewater contains a combination of various chemicals such as acids, alkalis, dyes, expanders, bleaching agents, and other organic and inorganic compounds. These substances can to a large extent be toxic to humans and the environment and can accumulate in many components of ecosystems [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current studies on cosmetic wastewater in South Africa utilize rapid granular multimedia filtration systems. It was noted that nutrient removal was up to 98% and organics removal was up to 68% [25]. However, the widespread application of this technology has not yet been realized and the majority of cosmetic wastewater is discharged directly to the sewer and, subsequently, conventional wastewater treatment plants, where it adds to the already strained water treatment system [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was noted that nutrient removal was up to 98% and organics removal was up to 68% [25]. However, the widespread application of this technology has not yet been realized and the majority of cosmetic wastewater is discharged directly to the sewer and, subsequently, conventional wastewater treatment plants, where it adds to the already strained water treatment system [25]. The cheapest and most widely used cosmetic wastewater treatment method is the application of biological processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cultivation of Desmodesmus multivariabilis for the Treatment of Cosmetic Wastewater

2022

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The discharge of cosmetic wastewater into the wastewater treatment systems has become an environmental concern due to high concentrations of nutrients. The current study explored the phytoremediation potential of Desmodesmus multivariabilis, under mixotrophic growth, to remove total organic carbon (TOC), sulfur (TS), nitrogen (TN), and phosphorus (TP) from cosmetic wastewater (CWW). The CWW was prepared using samples supplied by a local cosmetic production company (two dyes, two hair relaxers, as well as two shampoos and conditioners). The bioremediation potential of D. multivariabilis was tested under four different conditions: raw CWW with 0% CO2 in the aeration stream (i.e., atmospheric air); pre-treated CWW with 0% CO2, 2.5% CO2, and 5% CO2. Control experiments were run in parallel. Under mixotrophic growth, the microalga performed best at 5% CO2 in the pre-treated CWW where TOC, TN, TP, and TS removal of >88%, >98%, >95%, and >90% were measured, respectively. The corresponding biomass (dry weight) was >203 mg/L. Relaxers promoted growth most prominently; however, it was observed that there was significant nutrient removal even in the absence of growth in all experiments. The growth followed Liebig’s Law, displaying three distinct phases (CO2 concentration, CO2 mass transfer, and nutrient limited growth). The results demonstrated the potential for the successful bioremediation of cosmetic wastewater by D. multivariabilis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%