Analysis, control, and modeling of the three‐port converter without port voltage constraint for photovoltaic/battery system application

Fully integrated 750-MHz resonant voltage regulator is presented. Providing soft switching conditions for the transistors has prevented degradation of the converter efficiency at this high switching frequency. High switching frequency has reduced volume of the passive on-chip components and thus increased the converter current density. Due to the limitations of the CMOS processes, control and gate drive circuits are designed to increase chip reliability. One of the major challenges of the fully integrated voltage regulators is the on-chip inductor realization. Based on the mathematical models for inductance and resistance of spiral on-chip inductor, the geometric dimensions of the employed inductor are optimally designed to have maximum quality factor and minimum chip area. The power switches are optimized to achieve maximum efficiency. All post layout parasitic elements of MOSFETs and metal routings including inductive effects are extracted using 3-D EM simulation and finite element method for 0.18-μm standard CMOS technology. Maximum output voltage ripple is 5.2% at maximum load current. Peak efficiency of the proposed on-chip power supply is 82% when input/output voltage is 1.8 V/1.48 V and load current is 120 mA. Maximum value of the efficiency enhancement factor is 42% for output input/voltage of 1.8 V/0.55 V. Current density of the proposed converter is 574 mA/mm 2 . In the worst case, the load step causes an overvoltage/undervoltage smaller than 15.56% at the output voltage. K E Y W O R D Sfully integrated voltage regulator (FIVR), soft switching, resonant DC-DC buck converter, high current density, on-chip inductor optimum design

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fully integrated soft switched high frequency resonant DC‐DC voltage regulator

Meshkat

Dehghani

Farzanehfard

2022

“…Various three‐port converters are also compared with the proposed MIPBS; generally, they uses a whole PV array as an input; however, in MIPBS, each PV module operates independently. The converter toplogy presented in Tian et al 39 is three‐port converter used for the PV and battery integration; this converter requires the single inductor for the operation; however, the use of five switches and five diodes per PV module makes it expensive as compared with the proposed MIPBS.…”

Section: Comparative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐input battery‐integrated single‐stage DC‐DC converter for reliable operation of solar photovoltaic‐based systems

Bodele

Kulkarni

2022

Summary Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are emerging progressively due to their wide compatibility range, ease of installation, and environmental friendliness. The module mismatch (MM) losses and module open circuit (MOC) fault can cause the power mismatch between different PV modules. This significantly affects the energy output from the PV module. Also, the intermittent nature of solar PV power makes the solar PV systems unreliable; to compensate for this, conventional PV systems utilize a battery storage system (BSS) with separate bidirectional converter. These bidirectional converters require two‐stage power conversion and massive battery bank connected at the DC link. This leads to the further reduction in overall efficiency. To address these issues, this paper proposed a multi‐input PV battery system (MIPBS) that uses nonisolated buck and boost converter combinations. It requires single‐stage power conversion to extract maximum power from each PV module along with BSS charging and discharging. Its modular design allows it to function across a wide range of voltage, power, and BSS choices. The proposed system is capable of mitigating the MM loss and sustaining the MOC fault. This paper discusses the operation, steady‐state analysis, and dynamic analysis of the proposed MIPBS. The performance of the proposed MIPBS is validated using a state‐of‐the‐art experimental setup with two PV modules, each having a rating of 60.53 W.

“…Since the DC bus supports several levels of voltage, demands and resources can be linked to either the greater or lesser dc voltage level, which is an effective solution in many situations. For example, voltage boosting is required to link photovoltaic (PV) 9,10 resources to the dc bus; but, whenever a minimum dc-link is available, linking PV to this reduced voltage eliminates the need for further boosting in voltage, costs of the converter, and volume. [11][12][13] Multilevel converters (MLC), such as ILC, provide several dc voltages levels dependent on its construction, making voltage balancing more difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of hardware‐in‐loop for DC‐link voltage balancing in hybrid ac/dc microgrid using interlinking converter

Vasantharaj

Indragandhi

2022

Bipolar hybrid ac/dc microgrid (MG) controls a DC and AC bus at the same time, supplies local loads with local resources, and offers multiple levels of dc voltages to resources and services. The applications are getting more popular in power systems. Due to its vital tasks in numerous applications, the interlinking converter (ILC) is an utmost crucial portion of the MG system. From this study, a 10‐switch converter is provided as an ILC for a hybrid MG, which gains from both two‐level (2L) and three‐level (3L) converters at the same time, and it can be used to a wider range of power levels. This work provides a space vector modulation (SVM) for a 10‐switch converter to maximize dc‐link voltage consumption and minimize total harmonic distortion (THD) compared with other modulation techniques. The behaviour of the suggested SVM is compared with that of sinusoidal PWM. The suggested SVM was evaluated using OPAL‐RT to show that it used DC bus voltage more reliably and produced significantly less THD than existing techniques. Furthermore, grid‐tied ILC's architecture is improved to reduce low‐order harmonics and used for dc‐link voltage balancing. A real‐time (RT) digital simulator (OP‐5700) was used to test the inverter control technique. In MG, this hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation provides an excellent environment for designing and verifying system‐level control algorithms. Simulations were run in a MATLAB/Simulink environment and confirmed using an RT simulator to validate the feasibility of the suggested topology.