2017
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61615-5_3
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Analysis, Occurrence, and Degradation of Microplastics in the Aqueous Environment

Abstract: Synthetic polymers are one of the most significant pollutants in the aquatic environment. Most research focused on small plastic particles, so-called microplastics (particle size, 1-5,000 μm). Compared to macroplastics, the small size complicates their determination in environmental samples and demands for more sophisticated analytical approaches. The detection methods of microplastics reported in the past are highly diverse. This chapter summarizes different strategies for the sampling of water and sediment a… Show more

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Cited by 229 publications
(168 citation statements)
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“…Accordingly, the detection and analytical confirmation of MPs require access to sophisticated equipment (e.g. micro-FTIR and micro-Raman; discussed further in Klein et al [20]). Recent monitoring studies have established that -similar to marine environments -MPs are ubiquitously found in a variety of freshwater matrices.…”
Section: Occurrence In Freshwater Systemsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Accordingly, the detection and analytical confirmation of MPs require access to sophisticated equipment (e.g. micro-FTIR and micro-Raman; discussed further in Klein et al [20]). Recent monitoring studies have established that -similar to marine environments -MPs are ubiquitously found in a variety of freshwater matrices.…”
Section: Occurrence In Freshwater Systemsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Overall, environmental degradation processes will involve MP fragmentation into increasingly smaller particles including nanoplastics, chemical transformation of the plastic fragments, degradation of the plastic fragments into non-polymer organic molecules, and the transformation/degradation of these non-polymer molecules into other compounds [65]. The environmental degradation of plastic materials is also further discussed in Klein et al [20].…”
Section: Environmental Persistence and Degradationmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…So far, only one study reports significant impacts of MP on fish larvae at concentrations found in coastal waters [51]. 4 Nevertheless, MPs occur in almost all types of freshwater environmentsranging from streams in densely populated areas to lakes in almost non-populated areas, e.g., in Mongolia ( [52][53][54][55], [19,56,57]; see [58,59] for further discussion). Additionally, MPs persist over centuries under common environmental conditions [60].…”
Section: Do We Need Regulation Of Microplastics At All?mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…But due to the nature of global risks, a broadened knowledge base will reveal even more variables, and it will be hard to achieve clear causality in order to structure the problem. For instance, research on microplastics has discovered even more sources of microplastics [44], and more species that ingest microplastics [45] and exposed methodological questions for assessing the risk, such as adequate detection methods to properly assess and compare the extent of microplastic contamination [46]. This hints at another dilemma: on the one hand, precisely these complexities call for thorough scientific investigation [10], but, on the other hand, exactly these investigations might contribute to higher complexity and greater uncertainty.…”
Section: From Macro To Micro: Unveiling the Complex Side Effects Of Pmentioning
confidence: 99%