“…However, for the relatively plateaued peak of the chirped spectrum, there is a significant discrepancy between the maximum value and the center wavelength. The second is the Gaussian function fitting method, encompassing genetic algorithms [15], ant colony algorithms [16], neural network algorithms [17], and particle swarm algorithms [18]. Yet, this method overlooks the broad pulse shape of the uwCFBG spectrum, making the accurate determination of the center wavelength position challenging when the waveform is asymmetrical [19].…”