Analysis of a large moist landslide, Lost River Range, Idaho, U.S.A.

Abstract

This paper describes the regional geology, dimensions, morphology, sedimentology, and age relations of the Holocene "Carlson landslide," a large moist landslide composed of basalt breccia located on the eastern margin of the Lost River Range, Idaho. These data are combined to deduce the factors that prompted the slope failure, the kinematics of initiation, travel, and stopping of the landslide, as well as its postemplacement degradation. The landslide is compared with other terrestrial mass movements on the basis of morphology, sedimentology, log(volume) versus fall height –runout length (H/L) relations and estimated Bingham plastic yield strength. Morphology and sedimentology distinguish dry landslides from moist and water-saturated deposits. However, moist and water-saturated landslides plot well within the log(volume) versus H/L envelope for dry terrestrial landslides and exhibit overlapping ranges of estimated Bingham plastic yield strength values with dry landslides, indicating that moist and water-saturated landslides must travel much like dry rock avalanches of similar volume. Thus the mechanism(s) responsible for causing anomalous runout in large dry landslides could operate in moist and water-saturated landslides as well. Morphological comparison of the Carlson landslide with lobate martian landslides suggests a role for water in the martian landslides. Key words: landslides, debris flows, long runout, morphology, water, Mars.

Impact of an 0.2 km3 Rock Avalanche on Lake Eibsee (Bavarian Alps, Germany) – Part II: Catchment Response to Consecutive Debris Avalanche and Debris Flow

“…Without confinement in an established channel but rather widespread shallow deposition, we interpret Event 2 to be a debris avalanche (type 25; Hungr et al ., 2014). Similar cases have been reported, for example, by Plafker and Ericksen (1978), Shaller (1991), Hungr and Evans (2004), and Hewitt (2006). The Event 2 rock mass may have detached from the Bayerisches Schneekar on Mount Zugspitze, thereby deepening the scarp niche of Event 1, or from a small scarp directly to the east (Figure 10).…”

“…The rock avalanche impacted Paleolake Eibsee and displaced its waters (Part I). The deposits show characteristics of dry rock avalanches with a carapace of mega‐blocks (Krieger, 1977; Yarnold and Lombard, 1989; Shaller, 1991; Miller et al ., 2017).…”

Estimating the travel distance of channelized rock avalanches using genetic programming and support vector machine

“…Rock avalanches are categorized into unconfined, laterally confined (channelized), and frontally confined (Shaller, 1991;Strom et al 2019) based on confinement conditions. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered several long-distance channelized rock avalanches (Dai et al 2011;Parker et al 2011;Gorum et al 2011；Huang andLi, 2014).…”

Impact of an 0.2 km3 Rock Avalanche on Lake Eibsee (Bavarian Alps, Germany) – Part I: Reconstruction of the paleolake and Effects of the Impact

“…Miller et al, 2017). In such cases, the resulting landform may resemble that of dry rock avalanches, even though they ran out on water‐saturated sediments or entered a lake (Shaller, 1991). Water‐escape structures within sediments overrun by landslides may provide evidence of water (Pavoni, 1968; Lowe, 1975; Yarnold, 1993), but the basal contact between the rock avalanche deposits and underlying substrates are rarely accessible (Dufresne et al, 2015).…”

“…Water‐escape structures within sediments overrun by landslides may provide evidence of water (Pavoni, 1968; Lowe, 1975; Yarnold, 1993), but the basal contact between the rock avalanche deposits and underlying substrates are rarely accessible (Dufresne et al, 2015). Hence, geomorphic evidence is often used to infer the presence and role of water in massive rock‐slope failures (Plafker and Ericksen, 1978; Shaller, 1991; Siebert, 2002). This approach, however, can be problematic for high‐energy events because the water may not become fully incorporated into the streaming debris.…”