Analysis of a Novel Beacon Placement Strategy 3D Localization in Indoor Spaces

Sharma, Ravi; Badarla, Venkataramana

doi:10.1109/comsnets.2019.8711359

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Beacon placement optimization is a well-known topic, seeking to optimize the location of beacons for indoor localization purposes [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ] and wireless network localization [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. There are two major issues: first, optimizing the number of beacons and their location to ensure full coverage for the entire indoor venue; and second, optimizing the placement of the beacons to minimize the localization error induced by the relative geometry between the target and the beacons.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the optimal placement for multiple target locations, a target trace, a target area, and a mobile target trajectory in a defined area all remain open problems [ 31 ]. Moreover, finding the optimal beacon placement configuration for indoor localization while minimizing both the number of beacons and the localization error at any given position is a well-established NP-hard problem [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. In [ 45 ], Famili et al proposed a system for finding the minimum number of beacons required for full coverage of indoor environments.…”

Section: Optimal Beacon Placement Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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OPTILOD: Optimal Beacon Placement for High-Accuracy Indoor Localization of Drones

Famili,

Stavrou,

Wang

et al. 2024

Sensors

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For many applications, drones are required to operate entirely or partially autonomously. In order to fly completely or partially on their own, drones need to access location services for navigation commands. While using the Global Positioning System (GPS) is an obvious choice, GPS is not always available, can be spoofed or jammed, and is highly error-prone for indoor and underground environments. The ranging method using beacons is one of the most popular methods for localization, especially for indoor environments. In general, the localization error in this class is due to two factors: the ranging error, and the error induced by the relative geometry between the beacons and the target object to be localized. This paper proposes OPTILOD (Optimal Beacon Placement for High-Accuracy Indoor Localization of Drones), an optimization algorithm for the optimal placement of beacons deployed in three-dimensional indoor environments. OPTILOD leverages advances in evolutionary algorithms to compute the minimum number of beacons and their optimal placement, thereby minimizing the localization error. These problems belong to the Mixed Integer Programming (MIP) class and are both considered NP-hard. Despite this, OPTILOD can provide multiple optimal beacon configurations that minimize the localization error and the number of deployed beacons concurrently and efficiently.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optimal Beacon Placement Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

OPTILOD: Optimal Beacon Placement for High-Accuracy Indoor Localization of Drones

Famili,

Stavrou,

Wang

et al. 2024

Sensors

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show abstract

“…Even though the optimal beacon placement for localization of a single static target in two-dimension scenarios is well-understood, the optimal placement for a mobile target in a three-dimensional space is still an open problem [18]. Finding an optimal beacon placement configuration for indoor localization to minimize the localization error due to the relative geometry between the transmitter beacons and the target receiver at any given position is a well-established NP-Hard problem [18,19,21,23].…”

Section: Optimized Beacon Placementmentioning

confidence: 99%

iDROP: Robust Localization for Indoor Navigation of Drones with Optimized Beacon Placement

Famili¹,

Stavrou²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Drones in many applications need the ability to fly fully or partially autonomously to accomplish their mission. To allow these fully/partially autonomous flights, first, the drone needs to be able to locate itself constantly. Then the navigation command signal would be generated and passed on to the controller unit of the drone. In this paper, we propose a localization scheme for drones called iDROP (Robust Localization for Indoor Navigation of Drones with Optimized Beacon Placement) that is specifically devised for GPSdenied environments (e.g., indoor spaces). Instead of GPS signals, iDROP relies on speaker-generated ultrasonic acoustic signals to enable a drone to estimate its location. In general, localization error is due to two factors: the ranging error and the error induced by relative geometry between the transmitters and the receiver. iDROP mitigates these two types of errors and provides a high-precision three-dimensional localization scheme for drones. iDROP employs a waveform that is robust against multi-path fading. Moreover, by placing beacons in optimal locations, it reduces the localization error induced by the relative geometry between the transmitters and the receiver.

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“…Zhou et al [16] proposed four CRLB-based metrics to achieve the optimal base station layout and evaluation for indoor rectangular industrial positioning facilities. Sharma and Badarla [17] proposed a scheme to place the positioning base stations on the wall and ceiling, greatly reducing the occlusion during signal propagation and minimizing the positioning error caused by the geometric shape. Meanwhile, they proposed a multiobjective optimization approach to analyze the beacon layout problem (BLP) for the 3D coordinate point cloud representation of indoor environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Practical and Economical Ultra-wideband Base Station Placement Approach for Indoor Autonomous Driving Systems

Jiang

Zhao

Zhu

et al. 2022

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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Automated valet parking (AVP) has attracted much attention as the entry point to autonomous driving. In an indoor environment, high-precision positioning systems are essential for AVP. Ultra-wideband (UWB) is one of the most widely adopted techniques. However, the base station placement significantly influences the system’s positioning accuracy, especially for the irregular architecture of underground parking lots. This article proposes a three-stage practical and economical layout planning approach for UWB base stations, including determining the deployment strategy and layout parameters and comprehensive adjustment and scheme verification. The approach considers regional differentiation accuracy requirements for AVP, such as ramp area, surface fluctuation area, and narrow area. The adopted positioning method of a UWB system is the time difference of arrival (TDOA), and the evaluation index of positioning accuracy is the horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP). Through experimental tests in an actual parking lot, the proposed approach is confirmed to ensure stability and economy with fewer UWB base stations and can meet the positioning accuracy requirements of AVP.

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Analysis of a Novel Beacon Placement Strategy 3D Localization in Indoor Spaces

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

OPTILOD: Optimal Beacon Placement for High-Accuracy Indoor Localization of Drones

OPTILOD: Optimal Beacon Placement for High-Accuracy Indoor Localization of Drones

iDROP: Robust Localization for Indoor Navigation of Drones with Optimized Beacon Placement

A Practical and Economical Ultra-wideband Base Station Placement Approach for Indoor Autonomous Driving Systems

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