Analysis of a simulated sprint competition in classical cross country skiing

Stöggl, Thomas; Lindinger, Stefan; Müller, Erich

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00589.x

Cited by 99 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

116

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For data collection, a slope of 2 deg and a speed of 14 km h −1 were selected as a good compromise to perform either the techniques used for high slope and slow speed, and those used mainly for flat and high speed skiing. The slope was in line with that selected for roller skiing investigations by other researchers (Mittelstadt et al, 1995;Sandbakk et al, 2012;Holmberg et al, 2005;Lindinger et al, 2009b;Stöggl et al, 2007;Vähäsöyrinki et al, 2008). The order of the techniques was randomized for each subject.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Gait models and mechanical energy in three cross-country skiing techniques

Pellegrini

Zoppirolli

Bortolan

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fluctuations in mechanical energy of the body center of mass (COM) have been widely analyzed when investigating different gaits in human and animal locomotion. We applied this approach to estimate the mechanical work in cross-country skiing and to identify the fundamental mechanisms of this particular form of locomotion. We acquired movements of body segments, skis, poles and plantar pressures for eight skiers while they roller skied on a treadmill at 14 km h −1 and a 2 deg slope using three different techniques (diagonal stride, DS; double poling, DP; double poling with kick, DK). The work associated with kinetic energy (KE) changes of COM was not different between techniques; the work against gravity associated with potential energy (PE) changes was higher for DP than for DK and was lowest for DS. Mechanical work against the external environment was 0.87 J m −1 kg −1 for DS, 0.70 J m −1 kg −1 for DP and 0.79 J m −1 kg −1 for DK. The work done to overcome frictional forces, which is negligible in walking and running, was 17.8%, 32.3% and 24.8% of external mechanical work for DS, DP and DK, respectively. The pendulum-like recovery (R%) between PE and KE was ~45%, 26% and ~9% for DP, DK and DS, respectively, but energy losses by friction are not accounted for in this computation. The pattern of fluctuations of PE and KE indicates that DS can be described as a 'grounded running', where aerial phases are substituted by ski gliding phases, DP can be described as a pendular gait, whereas DK is a combination of both.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Gait models and mechanical energy in three cross-country skiing techniques

Pellegrini

Zoppirolli

Bortolan

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another study reported that the resting concentration of BDNF was not infl uenced by strength training in young subjects [14] . Maximal speed and strength are known to be important determinants of sprint performance [22,23] . Concentric and eccentric muscle strength are correlated with sprint performance because they refl ect sprinting in both the duration and the application of force.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased basal plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in sprint runners

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective Exercise is known to enhance circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in healthy humans. BDNF changes have been measured in endurance but not in strength exercise. The present study aimed to investigate whether anaerobic activity such as sprinting differentially alters basal plasma BDNF concentration. Methods Brazilian sprinters (100 m) at either the international (Olympics and Outdoor World Championships) (n = 14) or the domestic level (n = 8), and sedentary subjects (n = 15), were recruited. Plasma BDNF concentrations were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The basal plasma BDNF concentrations were signifi cantly higher in the international and the domestic sprinters than in the sedentary subjects. In addition, sprinters at the international level had higher plasma BDNF concentrations than those at the domestic level. Conclusion Our fi ndings suggest that increased basal plasma BDNF level is related to enhanced exercise performance.

show abstract

“…Stoggl et al (2006Stoggl et al ( , 2007a and Holmberg and Nilsson (2008) have used double pole time trials in their research, and Stoggl et al (2007b) used a 1,100-m classic sprint; however, the relationship of UBP to a longer classical ski race involving a mix of diVerent classic techniques has not yet been investigated. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between both short (·60 s) and long duration (4-12 min) laboratory-based UBP tests and average speed from a single mass start 10 km classical ski race.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Upper body power as a determinant of classical cross-country ski performance

Alsobrook

Heil

2008

Eur J Appl Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between short (< or =60 s) and long duration (4-12 min) measures of upper body power (UBP) and mass start classical cross-country ski performance. Several experienced skiers (eight men, five women) completed three separate tests of UBP on a double poling ergometer: two tests of highest average power output for 10 s (UBP(10)) and 60 s (UBP(60)), and an incremental test to exhaustion to measure peak oxygen uptake (VO(2PEAK)) and peak power output (UBP(PEAK)). Lastly, subjects competed in a 10-km classical cross-country ski race from which race speed (RS) was computed. RS correlated highly with UBP(10) (r = 0.93; P < 0.05), UBP(60) (r = 0.92; P < 0.05), and UBP(PEAK) (r = 0.94; P < 0.05); the correlation was lower but still significant for VO(2PEAK) (r = 0.88; P < 0.05). These findings suggest that both short and long duration measures of UBP are important determinants of mass start classical ski race performance.

show abstract

Analysis of a simulated sprint competition in classical cross country skiing

Cited by 99 publications

References 35 publications

Gait models and mechanical energy in three cross-country skiing techniques

Gait models and mechanical energy in three cross-country skiing techniques

Increased basal plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in sprint runners

Upper body power as a determinant of classical cross-country ski performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About