Analysis of Accessibility Requirements for Video Players on E-Learning

Acosta, Tania; Zambrano-Miranda, José; Luján-Mora, Sergio

doi:10.21125/edulearn.2019.2071

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, a clear preference for the YouTube platform was confirmed. Recent studies have also demonstrated that the native video player of YouTube is one of the most accessible considering the WCAG [41] [52] [53].…”

Section: Figure 1 Phases Of the Applied Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Web Accessibility Evaluation of Videos Published on YouTube by Worldwide Top-Ranking Universities

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Video consumption on the web has increased markedly in recent years. Universities use videos in different teaching-learning modalities, as well as on their websites, to publish information aimed at their stakeholders. Access to education and information has been recognized as a human right in several international conventions and the constitutions of most countries. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that videos published on the web can be accessed by people with disabilities. The universality of the web is so important that some organizations worldwide have contributed to the development of standards and recommendations focused on web accessibility. Despite these efforts, the rights of millions of people are currently violated, as they are excluded from access to both education and information published on the web. Regarding videos, the reasons are a lack of captions, sign language, audio descriptions, and transcriptions, among others. The objective of this study is to evaluate the accessibility of videos published on YouTube by the best universities in the world based on compliance with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 of the World Wide Web Consortium. We carry out a manual evaluation of 91,421 videos, which were all published on YouTube by 113 universities taken from the Shanghai Ranking. Our purpose is to highlight the urgent need to change the current low level of accessibility that their educational videos show. Consequently, statistical results are presented regarding the compliance with video accessibility according to the regions and positions of the universities in the ranking.

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Section: Figure 1 Phases Of the Applied Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2019, we presented a detailed analysis of the accessibility requirements for video players in e-learning based on the UAAG 2.0 and WCAG 2.1 [41]. Our research concluded that the designers and developers of video players still have much work to carry out to offer accessible players to people with disabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Web Accessibility Evaluation of Videos Published on YouTube by Worldwide Top-Ranking Universities

et al. 2020

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“…This research is based on two articles that we previously published [27], [28]. The first article contains the results of an analysis of the accessibility requirements of video players in e-learning [27], and the second article corresponds to the analysis of the accessibility of educational videos in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) [28]. These investigations allowed us to acquire deeper knowledge about the accessibility requirements that multimedia must fulfill and the difficulties faced by people with disabilities.…”

Section: Millionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This research work is much broader since innovative techniques are proposed in order to comply with ATAG 2.0. Moreover, prior to this investigation, we analyzed the accessibility requirements for video players in e-learning based on UAAG 2.0 and WCAG 2.1 [27]. We identified a total of 44 success criteria corresponding to the perceptible, operable and understandable principles applicable to video players [27].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, prior to this investigation, we analyzed the accessibility requirements for video players in e-learning based on UAAG 2.0 and WCAG 2.1 [27]. We identified a total of 44 success criteria corresponding to the perceptible, operable and understandable principles applicable to video players [27]. Additionally, we proposed a checklist with 125 items to quickly assess the accessibility of media players [27].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techniques for the Publication of Accessible Multimedia Content on the Web

2020

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Multimedia has become one of the most important sources of information and communication on the web. However, despite recent technological progress, people with disabilities and the elderly face difficulties accessing multimedia on the web. In some cases, these difficulties are impossible to overcome and are a fundamental cause of digital exclusion. Given the importance of this topic, several investigations on the problems of accessing multimedia resources have been carried out. Some organizations have also proposed certain standards to guide the creation and publication of accessible web content. Nevertheless, the authoring tools used in the process of publishing multimedia on the web do not offer all the accessibility features required. Authoring tools can also be used by people who do not have knowledge about web accessibility or programming, resulting in web publications lacking accessibility. This research proposes 278 novel techniques to guide authors, designers, programmers, and testers in the publication of accessible and inclusive multimedia on the web. These techniques are designed to guarantee the compliance with the recommended success criteria of Authoring Tools Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) 2.0 of the World Wide Web Consortium. Moreover, these techniques can be used to evaluate the accessibility of the existing authoring tools used to create multimedia for the web. Additionally, we present 80 possible failures that can cause the non-fulfillment of ATAG 2.0. These failures can help authors discern what to avoid and help evaluators check whether particular multimedia is accessible. INDEX TERMS Accessibility, accessibility content, Authoring Tools Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) 2.0, disabilities, e-learning, multimedia, techniques, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

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Toward truly accessible MOOCs for persons with cognitive impairments: a field study

Cinquin

Guitton

Sauzéon

2021

Human–Computer Interaction

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Highlights What we already know about this topicImplications for practice and/or policy • Providing an accessible MOOC player is key to the inclusion of people with disabilities in distance and online learning. • More research efforts and legal obligations are needed to narrow the digital divide between ordinary and extra-ordinary learners.ABSTRACT. Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) should offer lifelong education opportunities for persons with disabilities. However, most of the current MOOCs are not fully accessible, especially for persons with cognitive impairments and limited learning capacities. To bridge this gap, we have developed an accessible MOOC player following a participatory design process and used it to deliver a course on a mainstream MOOC platform. In this article we describe a field study to evaluate the impact of the player's accessibility features on the learning experience of persons with disabilities. Following a mixed method approach, we first present the results of a quantitative assessment done with Learning Analytics methods to study the impact of the player on the retention of students with disabilities. Then we present the results of a questionnaire assessment to study the global experience of students in terms of learning performance, usability of the MOOC player, perceived cognitive load and self-determination. Both Learning Analytics and questionnaire -related results confirm our contribution to designing a more inclusive e-learning environment and providing a solid base to improve the accessibility assessment methodology for MOOCs.

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Analysis of Accessibility Requirements for Video Players on E-Learning

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Web Accessibility Evaluation of Videos Published on YouTube by Worldwide Top-Ranking Universities

Web Accessibility Evaluation of Videos Published on YouTube by Worldwide Top-Ranking Universities

Techniques for the Publication of Accessible Multimedia Content on the Web

Toward truly accessible MOOCs for persons with cognitive impairments: a field study

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