Analysis of air-staged combustion of NH3/CH4 mixture with low NOx emission at gas turbine conditions in model combustors

Li, Shan; Zhang, Shanshan; Zhou, Hua; Ren, Zhuyin

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.09.131

Cited by 110 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…What's more, they found that the oxidation of N and HNO played the most important role in the production of NO under gas turbine conditions. Li et al also studied the NO x emission of CH 4 / NH 3 mixtures under gas turbine conditions and recognized that NO x formation increased when the NH 3 concentration increased, which is mainly due to the enhanced HNO pathway (Li et al, 2019b). Furthermore, they found that the availability of oxygen has significant influence on the production of NO x through HNO pathway and proposed a combustion system in which NO x production can as low as 30 ppm even when the NH 3 concentration up to 40%.…”

Section: No X Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia as a Carbon-Free Fuel

Lai

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Energy Res.

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A comprehensive review of combustion characteristics of ammonia (NH3) as a carbon free fuel is presented. NH3 is an attractive alternative fuel candidate to reduce the consumption of fossil fuel and the emission of CO2, soot, and hydrocarbon pollutants, due to its comparable combustion properties, productivities from renewable sources, and storage and transportation by current commercial infrastructure. However, the combustion properties of NH3 are quite different from conventional hydrocarbon fuels, which highlight the specific difficulties during the application of NH3. Therefore, this paper presents comparative experimental and numerical studies of the application of NH3 as a fuel during combustion process, including the combustion properties of laminar burning velocity, flame structures, pollutant emissions for the application of NH3 as a carbon free fuel. This paper presents the burning velocity and pollutant emissions of NH3 alone and mixtures with other fuels to improve the combustion properties. The aim of this paper is to review and describe the suitability of NH3 as a fuel, including the combustion and emission characteristics of NH3 during its combustion process.

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Section: No X Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia as a Carbon-Free Fuel

Lai

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Energy Res.

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“…The combustion characteristics of pure ammonia , and a mixture of ammonia with other fuels, such as natural gas ,− and hydrogen, ,− in different fuel compositions have been investigated in recent years for gas turbine applications. Kurata et al have performed an experimental study on micro-GTs to produce power from NH 3 -based fuels, including NH 3 /CH 4 mixtures, NH 3 /kerosene mixtures, and pure NH 3 .…”

Section: Fuel-flexible Combustion In Gas Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Fuel/Oxidizer-Flexible Combustion in Gas Turbines

2020

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Strict emission control regulations call for continuous advancement in existing combustion and carbon-capture technologies to mitigate the rise in pollutants and greenhouse gases from fossil fuel combustion. Concurrently, improvements in combustion systems would also yield lower fuel consumption and operational cost with greater efficiency. This review addresses these concerns and presents the overview of different combustion technologies and burner designs for cleaner power generation in gas turbines. Emission characteristics are discussed and compared for different combustion concepts, including lean premixed air combustion and oxy-combustion. Various gas turbine burner technologies, including dry low NO x , enhanced-vortex, perforated-plate, and micromixer burners, are discussed extensively, in terms of their operating principle, fuel flexibility, and potential for superior performance under oxy-combustion conditions. Enhanced-vortex and micromixer burners show remarkable flame stability and fuel flexibility and are thus recommended for implementation with hydrogen enrichment in future oxy-fuel gas turbines. The fuel-flexibility approaches for clean energy production, such as hydrogen combustion, hydrogen-enriched combustion, syngas combustion, ammonia combustion, and fuel blending, are explored as well. With the vast recent advances in the techniques of hydrogen production and storage, hydrogen-fueled gas turbines seem to be the perfect choice for clean energy production. The adiabatic flame temperature is identified as a key controlling parameter for the design of oxidizer-flexible combustors in clean gas turbines.

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“…NOx formation in nitrogen-rich fuels can reach levels far greater than equilibrium, as formation is more closely related to kinetics (fuel NOx) than peak temperatures (thermal NOx) [27], in contrast to conventional natural gas. Fuel-rich combustion is an effective method for limiting NOx formation, thus staged combustion has been shown to have the potential to lower overall NOx emissions [13,27,31,32]. In staged combustion, a fuelrich stage, consuming the majority of the fuel, is followed by a secondary fuel-lean stage, completing the combustion process, consuming primarily unreacted H2.…”

Section: Ammonia Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Wastewater As an Enabler of Green Ammonia to Power via Gas Turbine Technology

Hewlett

Pugh

Valera‐Medina

et al. 2020

Volume 3: Ceramics; Coal, Biomass, Hydrogen, and Alternative Fuels

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This experimental study follows on from detailed Chemkin-Pro numerical analyses assessing the viability of by-product ammonia (NH3) utilization for power generation in gas turbines (GTs). This study looks specifically at NH3 in the industrial wastewaters of steelworks, resulting from the cleansing of coke oven gas (COG). The by-product NH3 is present in an aqueous blend of 60–70%vol water and is normally destroyed. An experimental campaign was conducted using a premixed swirl burner in a model GT combustor, previously employed in the successful combustion of NH3/hydrogen blends, with favorable NOx and unburned fuel emissions. This study experimentally investigates the combustion performance of combining anhydrous and aqueous by-product NH3 in an approximate 50:50%vol blend, comparing the performance with that of each ammonia source unblended. Green anhydrous NH3, a rapidly growing research topic, is a carbon-free energy vector for renewable hydrogen. Some potential benefits of combining the two sources are suggested. Ammonia combustion presents two major challenges, poor reactivity and a potential for excessive NOx emissions. Prior numerical analyses predicted that 15%vol addition of steelworks COG, at an inlet temperature of 550 K, may provide sufficient support for raising the reactivity of the NH3-based fuels, whilst limiting undesirable emissions. Therefore, addition of 10, 15 and 20%vol COG to each NH3-based fuel was investigated experimentally at 25 kW power with inlet temperatures > 500 K, at atmospheric pressure. As nitric oxide (NO) emissions decrease significantly with increasing fuel-to-air ratio, experiments were conducted at equivalence ratios (Φ) between 1.0 and 1.3, the precise range of Φ for each blend being optimized according to the modeling predictions for emissions. Leading blends, anhydrous NH3 with 15%vol COG and the 50:50%vol blend with 15%vol COG, achieved < 100 ppm and < 200 ppm NO respectively. Modest-sized steel plants produce ∼10 metric tons of by-product NH3/day. Aspen Plus was used to model a Brayton-Rankine cycle with integrated recuperation. Adopting typical losses (48% cycle efficiency) and ∼1.2 MPa combustor inlet pressure, the net electrical power generation of 15%vol COG blended with 10 tonnes/day of aqueous industrial NH3 and 25 tonnes/day of anhydrous NH3 (i.e. achieving a 50:50%vol blend) was ∼4.7 MW, ∼47% more power than for the same amount of anhydrous NH3 with 15%vol COG. This significant increase, indicates how industrial NH3 could enable green NH3 to power.

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Analysis of air-staged combustion of NH3/CH4 mixture with low NOx emission at gas turbine conditions in model combustors

Cited by 110 publications

References 33 publications

A Review on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia as a Carbon-Free Fuel

A Review on Combustion Characteristics of Ammonia as a Carbon-Free Fuel

Review of Fuel/Oxidizer-Flexible Combustion in Gas Turbines

Industrial Wastewater As an Enabler of Green Ammonia to Power via Gas Turbine Technology

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