Analysis of Alternariol and Alternariol Monomethyl Ether on Flavedo and Albedo Tissues of Tangerines (<i>Citrus reticulata</i>) with Symptoms of Alternaria Brown Spot

Magnani, R.; Souza, Gezimar D. de; Rodrigues‐Filho, Edson

doi:10.1021/jf0704256

Cited by 48 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…LLE is applied for tomatoes and tomato products (Scott and Kanhere, 1980;Stack et al, 1985;da Motta andSoares, 2000a,b Andersen andFrisvad, 2004) fruit juices and beverages (Lau et al, 2003), oilseed rape meal and sunflower seed meal (Nawaz et al, 1997), cereal samples (Siegel et al, 2009), beer (Siegel et al 2010b), hay, silage and mixed feed (Yu et al, 1999), wheat and maize (Herebian et al, 2009), maize silage (Rasmussen et al, 2010) and ground breadcrumbs mouldy food samples (Sulyok et al, 2007(Sulyok et al, , 2010 ., 1996), tomato paste (Fente et al, 1998), fruit juices and beverages (Lau et al, 2003), tangerines (Magnani et al, 2007) and apple juice (Scott et al, 1997).…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence ofAlternariatoxins in feed and food

2011

EFSA Journal

410

188

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The European Commission asked the European Food Safety Authority to review the safety of Alternaria toxins in food and feed. In addition to causing plant diseases on many crops such as cereals, oilseeds, tomatoes, apples and olives, some of these toxins are genotoxic in vitro and/or fetotoxic in rats. This opinion deals with alternariol, alternariol monomethyl ether, tenuazonic acid, iso-tenuazonic acid, altertoxins, tentoxin, altenuene and AAL-toxins (Alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici toxins). Two Member States provided 11,730 occurrence results in food and also data published in the scientific literature were considered. Generally these toxins were found in grains and grain-based products, tomato and tomato products, sunflower seeds and sunflower oil, fruits and fruit products, and beer and wine. The feed occurrence data (1150 results) were collected from the literature only. The knowledge on toxic effects of Alternaria toxins on farm and companion animals and occurrence data in feed were insufficient to assess the health risk for different species. For chicken there are indications that alternariol represents a health risk but it cannot be excluded that tenuazonic acid could also be of concern. Considering: (1) there are few or no relevant toxicity data on Alternaria toxins, (2) the chemical structure of several of them is known, (3) dietary exposure data exist for some of them, the Panel on Contaminants in the food chain used the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approach to assess the relative level of concern for dietary exposure of humans to these mycotoxins. For the genotoxic Alternaria toxins, alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether, the estimated chronic dietary exposure exceeded the relevant TTC value indicating a need for additional toxicity data. The dietary exposure estimates for nongenotoxic tentoxin and tenuazonic acid are lower than the relevant TTC value and are considered unlikely to be a human health concern. SUMMARYAlternaria toxins are mycotoxins produced by Alternaria species that cause plant diseases on many crops. They are the principal contaminating fungi in wheat, sorghum and barley, and have also been reported to occur in oilseeds such as sunflower and rapeseed, tomato, apples, citrus fruits, olives and several other fruits and vegetables. Alternaria alternata is the most common Alternaria species in harvested fruits and vegetables, and is the most important mycotoxin-producing species. Due to their growth even at low temperature, Alternaria species are also responsible for spoilage of these commodities during refrigerated transport and storage.Alternaria species produce more than 70 phytotoxins, but a small proportion of them have been chemically characterised and reported to act as mycotoxins to humans and animals. Some toxins such as alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tenuazonic acid (TeA) and altertoxins (ATX) are described to induce harmful effects in animals, including fetotoxic and teratogenic effects. Culture extracts of A. altern...

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Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence ofAlternariatoxins in feed and food

2011

EFSA Journal

410

188

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“…This behavior was similar to that observed on the infection with A. carbonarius where the highest values of mycotoxins was observed on the flavedo. Magnani et al (2007) detected AOH and AME, 0.90 and 17.40 g/kg respectably, on tangerine flavedo infected by Alternaria. These mycotoxins were not found on the albedo, suggesting that the flavedo acted as a barrier.…”

Section: Fig 2 Synthesis Of Mycotoxins In Lime Broth (Lb) At Differementioning

confidence: 82%

“…Damage caused can range from a small speck to a large lesion (Magnani et al, 2007). This mould also synthesises mycotoxins: Altenuene (ALT) and altertoxins (AT), which have been implicated in human and animal disorders (Zao et al, 2014, Sanzani et al, 2016; as well as alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), which are individually not as toxic, but are mutagenic (Jackson and Al-Taher, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pH and temperature in production of mycotoxins and antibiotics by phytopathogenic moulds for Persian lime (Citrus latifolia T.) in a complex lime pericarp-base medium

et al. 2017

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Post-harvest decay of citrus fruits is caused by moulds capable of producing mycotoxins with great impact on health. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pH and temperature in synthesis of mycotoxins and antibiotics in Persian lime pathogenic and mycotoxigenic moulds, and to investigate the diffusion of mycotoxins inside the citrus fruit. As a result, several mycotoxins were identified, such as aflatoxins and fumonisins. In most of the analysed moulds, synthesis of the secondary metabolites was observed on acidic pH at 20 °C; some antibiotics were found as well. Diffusion of A. niger mycotoxins and antibiotics was observed in the interior of the lime fruit, achieving highest concentration in the septa. Knowing the behaviour of these moulds is useful for evaluation of health risk due to mycotoxins and control of pathogenic and mycotoxigenic post-harvest moulds.

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“…are cosmopolitan saprophitytic and phatogenic fungi reported on various crops causing diseases on cereals (Zur, Shimoni, Hallerman, & Kashi, 2002;Mercado Vergnes, Renard, Duveiller, & Maraite, 2006;Bensassi, Zid, Rhouma, Bacha, & Hajlaoui, 2009;Tóth et al, 2011;Andersen, Nielsen, Pinto, & Patriarca, 2015), but also fruits (Serdani, Kang, Andersen, & Crous, 2002;Tournas & Katsoudas, 2005;Magnani, De Souza, & Rodrigues-Filho, 2007;Ntasiou, Myresiotis, Konstantinou, Papadopoulou-Mourkidou, & Karaoglanidis, 2015;Andersen et al, 2015), and vegetables (Noser, Schneider, Rother, & Schmutz, 2011;Edin, 2012;Zheng, Zhao, Wang, & Wu, 2014;Andersen et al, 2015). The importance of Alternaria spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Alternaria spp. and Alternaria Toxins on Quality of Spelt Wheat

Đisalov¹,

Bodroža‐Solarov²,

Krulj³

et al. 2018

JAS

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There is an increasing consumer demand for alternative cereals nowadays. Spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. Spelta) appears to be a future source for the agriculture and food sector. Alternaria spp. infections might become a serious danger to the worldwide grain industry, resulting in yield losses and reduction of end-use quality, with potential harmful effect of Alternaria toxins on human and animal health. This paper presents the first assessment of the impact of Alternaria infection and its toxins to quality of spelt wheat. The results showed that fungal contamination significantly reduced both trade and technological quality parameters. Volume weight, thousand kernel weight and wet gluten were significantly decreased, while protein content was significantly higher in Alternaria inoculated treatments. Although with slight decrease, falling number was not significantly affected by fungal contamination. The most negative impact of alternariol (AOH) was registered on volume weight and thousand kernel weight (-0.847; -0.898), while highly significant positive correlation was found between AOH and protein content (0.758). Alternaria spp. additionally destroyed spelt gluten structure, resulting in reduction of dough energy and baking quality with no significant influence of mycotoxins (AOH and AME) on technological quality parameters.

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Analysis of Alternariol and Alternariol Monomethyl Ether on Flavedo and Albedo Tissues of Tangerines (Citrus reticulata) with Symptoms of Alternaria Brown Spot

Cited by 48 publications

References 31 publications

Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence ofAlternariatoxins in feed and food

Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal and public health related to the presence ofAlternariatoxins in feed and food

Effect of pH and temperature in production of mycotoxins and antibiotics by phytopathogenic moulds for Persian lime (Citrus latifolia T.) in a complex lime pericarp-base medium

Impact of Alternaria spp. and Alternaria Toxins on Quality of Spelt Wheat

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