Analysis of an Electromagnetic Mitigation Scheme for Reentry Telemetry Through Plasma

Kim, Minkwan; Keidar, Michael; Boyd, Iain D.

doi:10.2514/1.37395

Cited by 116 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For example, signal recoveries of very high frequency (VHF) telemetry and a Cband beacon with water injection as an electrophilic substance were observed in the Gemini 3 mission [2]. Kim et al [3] reported that plasma density can be controlled and RF blackouts can be reduced by applying a magnetic field on an antenna. In addition, Kundrapu et al [4] and Usui [5] numerically investigated the possibility of communication during an RF blackout via whistler mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced validation of CFD-FDTD combined method using highly applicable solver for reentry blackout prediction

Takahashi¹

2015

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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An analysis model of plasma flow and electromagnetic waves around a reentry vehicle for radio frequency blackout prediction during aerodynamic heating was developed in this study. The model was validated based on experimental results from the radio attenuation measurement program. The plasma flow properties, such as electron number density, in the shock layer and wake region were obtained using a newly developed unstructured grid solver that incorporated real gas effect models and could treat thermochemically non-equilibrium flow. To predict the electromagnetic waves in plasma, a frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain method was used. Moreover, the complicated behaviour of electromagnetic waves in the plasma layer during atmospheric reentry was clarified at several altitudes. The prediction performance of the combined model was evaluated with profiles and peak values of the electron number density in the plasma layer. In addition, to validate the models, the signal losses measured during communication with the reentry vehicle were directly compared with the predicted results. Based on the study, it was suggested that the present analysis model accurately predicts the radio frequency blackout and plasma attenuation of electromagnetic waves in plasma in communication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced validation of CFD-FDTD combined method using highly applicable solver for reentry blackout prediction

Takahashi¹

2015

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…The propagation of electromagnetic waves through a plasma causes phenomena such as the radio-communication cut-off during spacecraft atmospheric re-entry 6,7 and the attenuation of signals through plasma plumes of modern electric propulsion systems; 8 and it is also used for the sustainment of plasma columns by surface wave 9 and the plasma diagnostics (microwave interferometry). 10 The phenomena of wave absorption/reflection via plasma occur when high-frequency (radiofrequency RF 1-300 MHz and microwaves MW>300 MHz) electromagnetic waves propagate in partially ionized plasmas.…”

Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical studies of microwave-plasma interaction in a MWPECVD reactor

et al. 2016

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This work deals with and proposes a simple and compact diagnostic method able to characterize the interaction between microwave and plasma without the necessity of using an external diagnostic tool. The interaction between 2.45 GHz microwave and plasma, in a typical ASTeX-type reactor, is investigated from experimental and numerical view points. The experiments are performed by considering plasmas of three different gas mixtures: H2, CH4-H2 and CH4-H2-N2. The two latter are used to deposit synthetic undoped and n-doped diamond films. The experimental setup equipped with a matching network enables the measurements of very low reflected power. The reflected powers show ripples due to the mismatching between wave and plasma impedance. Specifically, the three types of plasma exhibit reflected power values related to the variation of electron-neutral collision frequency among the species by changing the gas mixture. The different gas mixtures studied are also useful to test the sensitivity of the reflected power measurements to the change of plasma composition. By means of a numerical model, only the interaction of microwave and H2 plasma is examined allowing the estimation of plasma and matching network impedances and of reflected power that is found about eighteen times higher than that measured.

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“…This phenomenon is used in various applications, including plasma density diagnostic. It presents, however, a major problem for radio communications through dense plasmas which is created around a vehicle at re-entry, or during hypersonic flight [7][8][9][10]. Characterization of reflected and absorbed electromagnetic radiation is also of great interest for radar applications [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resonant Transparency of a Three-Layer Structure Containing the Dense Plasma Region

Sternberg¹,

Smolyakov²

2009

PIER

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Abstract-A study of electromagnetic wave propagation in dense plasmas when the wave frequency is below the cut-off frequency is presented. A three-layer symmetric structure consisting of dense plasma nested between two boundary layers is studied analytically and numerically. The permittivity of the dense plasma is negative, while the permittivity of each boundary layer is greater than 1. It is shown that total transmission of an electromagnetic wave can be achieved if an adequate incidence angle, dielectric permittivity of the boundary layers and corresponding boundary layer widths are chosen. It is found that plasma transparency is due to resonance between the evanescent waves in the dense plasma region and the standing waves in the boundary layers. Resonance conditions are derived analytically and the relationship between the corresponding parameters of the problem are studied numerically.

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Analysis of an Electromagnetic Mitigation Scheme for Reentry Telemetry Through Plasma

Cited by 116 publications

References 17 publications

Advanced validation of CFD-FDTD combined method using highly applicable solver for reentry blackout prediction

Advanced validation of CFD-FDTD combined method using highly applicable solver for reentry blackout prediction

Experimental and numerical studies of microwave-plasma interaction in a MWPECVD reactor

Resonant Transparency of a Three-Layer Structure Containing the Dense Plasma Region

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