Analysis of Anabolic Agents in Whey Protein by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Costa, Bruno Ruiz Brandão da; Padilha, Marina; Rodrigues, Lucas Mateus Rivero; Roiffé, Rafaela Rocha; Cruz, Márcia Nogueira da Silva de la

doi:10.1007/s12161-020-01813-4

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Finally, we encourage future studies to investigate the presence of undeclared stimulants in energy drinks. Even though many related studies regarding the presence of prohibited substances in nutritional supplements exist, [22][23][24][25] there is still this gap in the literature for energy drinks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine content of energy drinks marketed in Brazil

Costa

Haddad

Martinis

2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Energy drinks represent a multibillionaire industry that has been growing continuously worldwide. These drinks are especially consumed by young people, athletes, and military personnel due to their claimed "boost" effects. However, there have been concerns about their consumption since incompatibilities regarding the accuracy of the declared caffeine content of these drinks have been reported. Therefore, in this study, we have developed a fast and simple method to quantify caffeine in energy drinks. Sample preparation consisted of a dilute-and-shoot process, and analyses were performed by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC-NPD). The method was applied to quantify caffeine in 37 energy drinks marketed in Brazil. Compared with the labeled caffeine content, 84% of the tested drinks presented caffeine levels in accordance with the specifications. The determined caffeine concentrations ranged from 10 to 67 mg/100 ml, with an average value of 31 mg/100 ml. According to the recommended serving size, no drinks

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine content of energy drinks marketed in Brazil

Costa

Haddad

Martinis

2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…Em relação aos estudos realizados no Brasil, a contaminação de suplementos por esteroides anabolizantes androgênicos ou pró-hormônios é algo mais difícil de acontecer, pois, ao contrário de outros países, esses agentes anabolizantes apresentam um preço muito elevado e também correspondem a drogas prescritas e não podem ser vendidos como suplementos. Isso faz com que diminua a chance de haver contaminações cruzadas durante a elaboração desses produtos (Costa et al, 2020). Contudo, é preciso haver um cuidado com suplementos importados e/ou adquiridos fora do país.…”

Section: Suplementos Alimentares Contaminados Com Esteroides Anabolizantes Androgênicosunclassified

Suplementos alimentares: uma fonte de doping não intencional?

Costa

Cruz

Roiffé

et al. 2021

Braz. J. Food Technol.

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Resumo O excessivo consumo de suplementos alimentares, aliado a uma legislação inespecífica e a um controle de qualidade ineficiente, faz com que a saúde dos consumidores seja colocada em risco devido à possível existência de contaminantes, em especial pró-hormônios, esteroides anabolizantes e estimulantes. Estes compostos podem proporcionar um aumento do desempenho esportivo e acarretar uma série de efeitos adversos, sendo assim proibidos pela Agência Mundial Antidopagem. A contaminação de suplementos pode ocorrer de maneira deliberada ou através de más práticas de produção, em que são encontrados traços dessas substâncias. Todavia, ambos os casos exigem atenção, já que uma contaminação de apenas 0,00005% em massa pode levar ao doping. Neste sentido, estima-se que de 6,4% a 8,8% dos casos estejam relacionados ao consumo de suplementos contaminados. Perante estes fatos, os objetivos principais do trabalho foram: fazer uma revisão da literatura tanto em trabalhos nacionais quanto internacionais, no que concerne à contaminação de suplementos alimentares e sua relação com a dopagem não intencional, bem como orientar os consumidores a escolherem produtos mais seguros. Neste sentido, foi possível observar que os suplementos nacionais são, geralmente, mais seguros quanto à presença de substâncias proibidas, principalmente em relação à contaminação por agentes anabolizantes. Contudo, ainda é preciso um melhor controle de qualidade perante a contaminação/adulteração por estimulantes.

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“…Such approaches include the use of chromatographic signal‐to‐noise ratios assuming a 3:1 ratio as the LOD 5,6 . Another commonly adopted strategy is to dilute the samples until detection/identification starts to fail and then to assume the LOD/LOI as the lowest concentration in which 100% of the tested samples are detected 7,8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Another commonly adopted strategy is to dilute the samples until detection/identification starts to fail and then to assume the LOD/LOI as the lowest concentration in which 100% of the tested samples are detected. 7,8 The LOD is defined as the lowest concentration of the analyte that can be detected by the method at a specified level of confidence. 1 The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) defines the LOD in its International Standard for Laboratories (ISL) as the lowest concentration of an analyte in a sample that can be routinely detected but not necessarily identified or quantified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing limits of detection in qualitative methods: A simple implementation of logistic regression in a web‐based R Shiny application environment and its potential in toxicology and doping control

Garrido

Cavalcanti

Gomes

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The estimation of limits of detection (LOD) for solely qualitative methods in analytical chemistry may prove challenging because all the approaches with which chemists are familiar require some type of numeric data input. The best model to describe the binary response in these methods (detected/not detected) is a logistic model; however, these models are not easily handled by most of the laboratories and generally demand expensive statistical software packages. In this work, the advantages of applying this approach are discussed and its implementation using commercial spreadsheet software is demonstrated. A free online application based on the R environment using shinyapps was developed and its application was validated and discussed with a dataset of 57 different target compounds analyzed in urine according to the requirements of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). This tool allows free, extremely quick, and easy determinations of LOD in qualitative analyses as well as the determination of the probabilities of detection in any given concentration.

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Analysis of Anabolic Agents in Whey Protein by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Caffeine content of energy drinks marketed in Brazil

Caffeine content of energy drinks marketed in Brazil

Suplementos alimentares: uma fonte de doping não intencional?

Assessing limits of detection in qualitative methods: A simple implementation of logistic regression in a web‐based R Shiny application environment and its potential in toxicology and doping control

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