A method for the stability analysis of laminated cylindrical shells with anisotropy due to plies with one plane of symmetry is developed. The governing system of differential equations is derived using the Timoshenko hypotheses for displacements. The dependence of the critical loads on the orientation, number, thickness, and transverse shear stiffness of plies under axial compression is studied Introduction. Cylindrical composite shells are widely used in various modern structures. In many cases, shells are in such conditions that the compressive stresses induced in them may reach critical levels. These critical stresses can be calculated or measured in preliminary tests. There are methods for the stability analysis of composite shells based on mathematical models of various accuracy [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]9]. Irrespective of the kinematic and equilibrium equations, most studies use a structural idealization of a composite with three planes of symmetry. This is justified by the fact that laminated shells are made so as to correct for the anisotropy due to the misalignment between the ply orientation and the shell axes. The angles of plies are so alternated that the internal stresses in them are counterbalanced. This method is known [3,20] to work if the number of plies tends to infinity, and the ply thickness tends to zero. It is obvious that the thickness of a ply in a composite cannot be less than the diameter of a fiber, and the thickness of a shell in various products is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for solving problems of shell theory, including problems of the nonlinear deformation and stability of composite shells, based on a more general model of composite with the minimum degree of symmetry.In [18,19], it was shown, experimentally and numerically (FEM), that a cylindrical shell made by winding four plies ( , ) + -j j s onto a cylindrical mandrel buckles in a mode with dents tilted toward the axis, i.e., twists, when loaded only along the axis. This effect was considered in a number of studies referred in [3,18]. However, such shells, either isotropic or orthotropic, displayed a considerable disagreement between experiment and theory. The initial postcritical behavior and the sensitivity to imperfections of anisotropic shells were studied in [3,[15][16][17] using the asymptotic Koiter method [11,12]. The monograph [3] outlines solutions to some problems of the nonlinear deformation and stability of laminated shells of zero Gaussian curvature and shells of negative curvature subject to a combination of tension, bending, and torsion because of the structural unbalance of the laminate. The models used in [18][19][20][21] are based on the Kirchhoff-Love theory of anisotropic shells, as in [3,10]. An important factor affecting the critical loads of not very thin composite shells is low transverse-shear stiffness.To solve the problem of the stability of anisotropic composite shells, we will use the Timoshenko-Mindlin theory of shells. We will obtain an analytic solution in the form of co...