Analysis of Aromatic Fraction of Virgin Gas Oils by Mass Spectrometer

Hastings, S H.; Johnson, B. H.; Lumpkin, H. E.

doi:10.1021/ac60116a004

Cited by 66 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The values of paraffins, 2-ring, 5-ring, and 6-ring naphthenes are in good agreement. The differences in the rest of the types are all within ∼5% in absolute weight percentage, the kind of difference in results (reproducibility) typically obtained at different laboratories by the ASTM method …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The differences in the rest of the types are all within ∼5% in absolute weight percentage, the kind of difference in results (reproducibility) typically obtained at different laboratories by the ASTM method. 5 In order to evaluate the accuracy between the two methods among the types that show differences, we conducted two simple standard addition experiments. Either n-nonadecylcyclohexane or cholestane was added into the dewaxed oil in a ratio of 1 to 10.…”

Section: Molecular Speciation Of Saturatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distributions of paraffins and 1- to 6-ring naphthenes (cycloparaffins) are calculated from the intensities of the various fragment ions representative of each compound type. The calculations use precalibrated “sensitivity matrices” which are established based on two factors: (1) the average carbon number estimated from the distribution of low abundance molecular ions of normal paraffins and (2) the normal paraffins/isoparaffins ratio estimated from molecular to fragment ion intensities. , Ideally, an ionization technique yielding only molecular ions of the saturates would allow us to determine not only the distribution of compound types but also the carbon number distribution within each type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Speciation of Saturates by On-Line Liquid Chromatography−Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Liang

Hsu

1998

Energy Fuels

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A commercial field ionization (FI) source has been successfully reconfigured to accommodate the moving belt interface for on-line liquid chromatography−mass spectrometric (LC/MS) operations. This novel combination allows us to characterize saturates with maximum chromatographic resolution and minimal sample preparation. We found that FI generates predominantly molecular ions for normal paraffins and naphthenes but fragment ions for isoparaffins. By combining these ionization characteristics with spectral editing software, we can differentiate and measure levels of naphthenes, normal paraffins, and isoparaffins with a single mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. Most importantly, the normal and isoparaffins split can be measured directly by MS without the need of using gas chromatography (GC). This new LC/MS approach has been evaluated using saturates fractions generated by urea adduction of a lube basestock. Material balance of FI results for the fractions from this separation was in good agreement with that calculated from gravimetric measurement. The normal paraffin measurement by FI agrees well with that by GC. Comparisons with results obtained by the conventional ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) high-voltage electron−ionization (EI) method were favorable.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Molecular Speciation Of Saturatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Speciation of Saturates by On-Line Liquid Chromatography−Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Liang

Hsu

1998

Energy Fuels

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“…Usually, chemical separations of aromatic components from saturated hydrocarbons followed by GC/MS are used to perform such analyses. All of these methods are well known in petroleum chemistry 1–18…”

Section: Cnh2n–14 Series (Biph = Biphenyl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective identification of mono‐ and polyaromatics in diesel fuel using gas‐phase chromatography coupled with high‐resolution negative ion mass spectrometry

Hubert‐Roux

Loutelier‐Bourhis

Bertin

et al. 2004

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…Thus, THOMPSON et al [247,248] estimated the abundances of thiophenes in crude oil. HASTINGS, JOHNSON and LUMPKIN [249] developed a matrix scheme for group-type analysis of aromatics and sulfur compounds. THOMPSON and coworkers [248] used low voltage mass spectrometry of sulfur compound concentrate fractions and reported the presence of benzothiophenes, dibenzothiophenes, naphthanothiophenes, naphthenobenzothiophenes and homologues of these systems in high boiling petroleum distillates.…”

Section: E Sulfur Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%