Analysis of ash suspension obtained from Piper aduncum that claimed to cure cancer in Papua New Guinea

Gopalakrishnan, J.

doi:10.12980/jclm.3.2015jclm-2015-0025

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Plant-based ash salts are richer in potassium whereas lake deposits are richer in sodium. This latter observation complies with published findings [7,8,[17][18][19]21], and may even justify the statements of TAS users, who claim the positive effects of plantbased ash salts and negative effects of lake deposits on health [25]. The regular consumption of potassium is known to improve the functioning of kidneys, bones and cardiovascular system [38,39], while the consumption of sodium is associated with non-communicable diseases [40,41].…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of Tassupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In this respect, evaporites of plant-based ash filtrates display a higher solubility and an obviously lower insolubility. It was shown that the insoluble index of evaporites of plant-based ash filtrates can vary between 0.82% and 8% [21]. Lake deposits and plant-based ashes have a lower solubility and thus, a higher insolubility (Figure 2).…”

Section: The Behaviour Of Tas In Solution: Solubility and Turbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These salts are lake deposits [5][6][7][8], plant-based ashes and their filtrates [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], and evaporites of these filtrates [18][19][20][21]. They are mainly characterized by the alkalinity of their solutions, are used as technological auxiliaries for emulsification, soften the texture of foods [10-12, 14, 15, 18, 22-29], and as taste improvers [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are mainly characterized by the alkalinity of their solutions, are used as technological auxiliaries for emulsification, soften the texture of foods [10-12, 14, 15, 18, 22-29], and as taste improvers [30]. Owing to their alkalinity [10,14,15,17,21,24,30], their long-time usage (up to 4,000 years before the common era) [13,19,31], and the fact that they seem to have been developed in areas where common NaCl salt was not available [13], they have been named traditional alkaline salts (TAS) by some authors [26]. Their chemical composition shows that they are a mixture of minerals, mainly of salts and oxides (CaO, K 2 O, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , MgO, and P 2 O 5 ), and thus of anions (OH -, CO 3 2-, HCO 3 -, SO 4 2-, S 2-, CN -, F -, Cland H 2 PO 4 -) and cations (Na + , Ca + , Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ , K + , Mg 2+ , Li + , V x+ , B x+ , Mo x+ , Al 3+ , Mn x+ ), Ni 2+ , Co 3+ , Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ and Cr 3+ ) (the letter x in superscript for some cations is used for multivalence cations that the ionic form analysed was not provided in the corresponding studies) [5-9, 12, 13, 17-19, 21, 32-34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their chemical composition shows that they are a mixture of minerals, mainly of salts and oxides (CaO, K 2 O, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , MgO, and P 2 O 5 ), and thus of anions (OH -, CO 3 2-, HCO 3 -, SO 4 2-, S 2-, CN -, F -, Cland H 2 PO 4 -) and cations (Na + , Ca + , Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ , K + , Mg 2+ , Li + , V x+ , B x+ , Mo x+ , Al 3+ , Mn x+ ), Ni 2+ , Co 3+ , Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ and Cr 3+ ) (the letter x in superscript for some cations is used for multivalence cations that the ionic form analysed was not provided in the corresponding studies) [5-9, 12, 13, 17-19, 21, 32-34]. Each type of solid TAS exists in market stalls in a variety of colours ("black" and "white" for lake deposits; "black", "greyish", "white", "cream yellow" and "light brown" for plant-based ashes) [14,15,21,25,26]. For any given functionality, for the same type of TAS, users have a preference that is oriented toward a given colour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Composition and Physico-chemical Properties of Traditional Alkaline Salts (Lake Deposits and Plant-based Ash Salts) Sampled in Cameroon and Nigeria

Franklin

Khan²,

Nguimbou³

et al. 2023

Advanced Chemicobiology Research

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Lake deposits and plant-based ash salts are food additives used in a variety of food preparations throughout the world. They exist in many colours and are found in market stalls in many countries. In the literature, they have been named traditional alkaline salts (TAS). Their colours (as identified by users) are their major quality determinant and are associated with their efficiency when used in food preparations. Up to now, no relationship has been established between their colours and their chemical composition and/or physico-chemical properties. Lake deposits (sampled in Cameroon and Nigeria), "white" plant-based ashes and evaporites of plant-based ash filtrates (sampled in Cameroon) found from the market have a buffer behaviour (pH of 10 and 11) while "green" and "black" plant-based ashes do not (pH = 12 to 14). The buffer behaviour is due to the simultaneous presence of carbonates and bicarbonates, combined with the absence of oxides, the pH of the resulting solutions was increased with increasing carbonates/bicarbonates ratio. The colours of evaporites of plant-based ash filtrates are similar (less than 6% of difference) in their chemical composition (sodium, potassium, carbonates and bicarbonates) and physico-chemical properties while the other TAS are not. "White" lake deposits have higher major ions (sodium, potassium, carbonates and bicarbonates) content than the "black" ones. There is always a toxicity risk (lead and cadmium) associated with the use of plant-based ash salts and sometimes "black" lake deposits while there is not a toxic risk associated with the use of the "white" colour of lake deposits. "Black" lake deposits sampled in Abuja, Nigeria have one and a half times more cadmium and lead than those sampled all over Cameroon when they contain these metals.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of Tassupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: The Behaviour Of Tas In Solution: Solubility and Turbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Chemical Composition and Physico-chemical Properties of Traditional Alkaline Salts (Lake Deposits and Plant-based Ash Salts) Sampled in Cameroon and Nigeria

Franklin

Khan²,

Nguimbou³

et al. 2023

Advanced Chemicobiology Research

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Effect of Traditional Process Methods on the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of a Traditional Food Salt (Nikkih) Obtained from Waste Biomass Peels of Musa paradisiaca and Musa acuminate

Ngwasiri

Adanmengwi

Ambindei

et al. 2021

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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In Cameroon, agrofood waste biomass such as peels of Musa paradisiaca and Musa acuminate is being valorized using various traditional processing methods to produce a traditional functional food salt, potash, locally called nikkih. Nikkih has been reported to have varying physicochemical and functional properties, which negatively affect the quality and stability of food prepared using it. This work aims at evaluating the effect of traditional process methods on the physicochemical and functional properties of nikkih produced from these peels in view of the optimization of the process. The peels were preprocessed using two methods: boiling at 90oC before drying and direct drying of raw samples. All samples were dried and combusted to ash at varying temperatures of 250oC, 300o C, and 350oC and times of 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min. The ash obtained was dissolved in varied volumes of water, filtered to obtain the nikkih. Yellow achu soup was prepared through the dry gum method using water and read palm oil, with nikkih as emulsifier. The physicochemical and functional properties of nikkih on yellow achu soup were evaluated using standard methods. The ash yield ranged from 10.62 ± 0.12% to 7.10 ± 0.05%, with the raw samples combusted at 3000C and 2500C having the highest and lowest values respectively. The pH of nikkih ranged from 10.95 ± 0 to 12.01 ± 0.056 while potash content ranged from 32.45 ± 0.905% to 72.29 ± 1.31%, with the highest and lowest values obtained from the raw sample combusted at 2500C and the boiled samples combusted at 3500C respectively. Alkaline content ranged from 61.7 ± 0.141% to 52.8 ± 0.141%, with boiled M. acuminate combusted at 3500C having the highest value and the lowest from raw M. paradisiaca combusted at 2500C. The foaming capacity and foam stability ranged from 6.9 ± 0.01% to 16.07 ± 2.51% and from 3.20 ± 0.07% to 11.205 ± 2.39% for M. acuminate and M. paradisiaca respectively. The emulsification index ranged from 85.62 ± 0.09% to 86.67 ± 1.141% after 24 hrs and from 26.0 ± 0.94% to 27.02 ± 2.390% after 48 hrs, with the highest value from the raw M. acuminate combusted at 350oC and the lowest from that combusted at 3000C. The potash source, pretreatment method, combustion conditions, and dilution factors all had an effect on the physicochemical and functional properties of nikkih.

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Analysis of ash suspension obtained from Piper aduncum that claimed to cure cancer in Papua New Guinea

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

Chemical Composition and Physico-chemical Properties of Traditional Alkaline Salts (Lake Deposits and Plant-based Ash Salts) Sampled in Cameroon and Nigeria

Chemical Composition and Physico-chemical Properties of Traditional Alkaline Salts (Lake Deposits and Plant-based Ash Salts) Sampled in Cameroon and Nigeria

Effect of Traditional Process Methods on the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of a Traditional Food Salt (Nikkih) Obtained from Waste Biomass Peels of Musa paradisiaca and Musa acuminate

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