Analysis of biofilm formation by<i>Sporothrix schenckii</i>

Sánchez-Herrera, Rocío; Flores-Villavicencio, Lérida Liss; Pichardo‐Molina, J. L.; Domínguez, José Pedro Castruita; Aparicio‐Fernández, Xochitl; López, Myrna Sabanero; Villagómez-Castro, Julio C.

doi:10.1093/mmy/myaa027

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Consistent with previous studies [ 49 ], a substantial presence of (extracellular) DNA in the S. schenckii biofilm ECM may not only contribute to the biofilm structure integrity but also to the biofilm-associated antifungal resistance in S. schenckii infections [ 48 ]. In this context, it is noteworthy that clinical isolates of Sporothrix species have increasingly been reported to be resistant to amphotericin B (AMB), azoles, and echinocandins [ 50 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Biofilm and Antifungal Resistancesupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In a very recent analysis of biofilm formation in the S. schenckii complex, Sánchez-Herrera et al [ 48 ] tried to model the biofilm development stages that, similar to other fungal species, include adsorption, adhesion, microcolony formation, maturation, and dispersion. In the last stage, fungal cells depart biofilms to disseminate infectious foci to distant body sites.…”

Section: Biofilm and Antifungal Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Old and New Insights into Sporothrix schenckii Complex Biology and Identification

2022

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Sporothrix schenckii is a worldwide-distributed thermally dimorphic fungus, which usually causes a subacute to chronic infection through traumatic implantation or inoculation of its infectious propagules. The fungus encompasses a group of phylogenetically closely related species, thus named the S. schenckii complex, of which S. schenckii sensu stricto and S. brasiliensis are main causative species of sporotrichosis. Owing to a multifaceted molecular dynamic, the S. schenckii complex can switch between the mycelium and the yeast form. This characteristic along with a varying cell wall composition account for significant species-specific differences in the host range, virulence, and susceptibility to antifungal drugs. While culture remains the gold standard to diagnose sporotrichosis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry-based methods have become an essential for accurate species identification in many clinical laboratories. If directly applied on tissue samples, molecular methods are helpful to improve both sensitivity of and time to the etiological diagnosis of sporotrichosis. This mini-review aims to put together the old and new knowledge on the S. schenckii complex biology and identification, with particular emphasis on the laboratory diagnosis-related aspects of disease.

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Section: Biofilm and Antifungal Resistancesupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Biofilm and Antifungal Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Old and New Insights into Sporothrix schenckii Complex Biology and Identification

2022

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“…Other studies have investigated the biofilm formation capacity of Sporothrix spp. using human isolates [50,55,56]. Biofilm formation is associated with the ability of microbial communities to protect cell viability [46][47][48][49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Virulence Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility in<em> Sporothrix </em>Isolates: A Comparative Study between Feline and Human Hosts

Fernandes,

Caligiorne,

da Silva

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Sporotrichosis’ clinical manifestations, lesions in the cutaneous or subcutaneous tissues, it is caused by dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix complex, is a cosmopolitan mycosis that affects humans and animals. This study aimed to identify prevalent species in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and characterize virulence profiles and antifungal susceptibility associated with Sporothrix isolates. Isolates were identified using macro and micro-morphological traits as well molecular biology techniques. Antifungal susceptibility was determined using the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration test, while, virulence factors such as growth at different temperatures, biofilm formation, melanin production, and urease activity were assessed. Our findings revealed S. brasiliensis as a predominant species isolated. Urease activity was a crucial factor associated with growth at 50°C in S. brasiliensis isolates, highlighting their high thermotolerance. Furthermore, strains isolated from humans produced a more robust biofilm compare to those from felines. Strains of S. brasiliensis isolated from Felis catus exhibited faster melanin production, decreased susceptible to antifungal agents tested, and superior growth capacity at 50°C to strains isolated from humans. Therefore, our study highlights the prevalence of S. brasiliensis causing sporotrichosis in both human and felines. However, it underscores the circulation of different strains, with varying levels of virulence and susceptibility to antifungal agents.

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“…Biofilm formation has been considered a virulence factor in different human pathogenic fungi such as Candida , Aspergillus and Cryptococcus [ 80 , 81 , 82 ], and recent studies have shown that S. schenckii is capable of generating this complex structure, whose main components are glycoproteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and lipids [ 83 , 84 , 85 ]. This structure complicates antifungal treatment since, apart from being a barrier that prevents the access of certain molecules to the interior of the biofilm, it is a key participant in the acquisition of resistance to the antifungals of choice, such as itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, amphotericin B, flucytosine, and caspofungin [ 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ].…”

Section: Lipids and Biofilmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence Factors of Sporothrix schenckii

García-Carnero

Martínez-Álvarez

2022

JoF

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Sporothrix schenckii is one of the etiological agents of sporotrichosis. In this review, we discuss the virulence factors that have been proven to participate in the S. schenckii-host interaction. Among these known factors, we can find cell wall glycoproteins, adhesins, melanin, extracellular vesicles, and dimorphism. Furthermore, the morphological transition of S. schenckii in response to environmental conditions such as pH and temperature represents a means by which the fungus is able to establish mycosis in mammals. One of the key features in the development of sporotrichosis is the adhesion of the fungus to the host extracellular matrix. This event represents the first step to developing the mycosis, which involves adhesins such as the glycoproteins Gp70, Hsp60, and Pap1, which play a key role during the infection. The production of melanin helps the fungus to survive longer in the tissues and to neutralize or diminish many of the host’s attacks, which is why it is also considered a key factor in pathogenesis. Today, the study of human fungal pathogens’ virulence factors is a thriving area of research. Although we know some of the virulence factors in S. schenckii, much remains to be understood about the complex process of sporotrichosis development and the factors involved during the infection.

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Analysis of biofilm formation bySporothrix schenckii

Cited by 5 publications

References 59 publications

Old and New Insights into Sporothrix schenckii Complex Biology and Identification

Old and New Insights into Sporothrix schenckii Complex Biology and Identification

Exploring Virulence Factors and Antifungal Susceptibility in<em> Sporothrix </em>Isolates: A Comparative Study between Feline and Human Hosts

Virulence Factors of Sporothrix schenckii

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