Analysis of biosecurity-related policies governing the seaweed industry of the Philippines

Mateo, Jonalyn P.; Campbell, Iona; Cottier‐Cook, Elizabeth J.; Luhan, Maria Rovilla J.; Ferriols, Victor Marco Emmanuel N.; Hurtado, Anicia Q.

doi:10.1007/s10811-020-02083-7

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These challenges included (1) inconsistent terminology for the inclusion of seaweeds in regulatory frameworks, (2) limited guidance for the responsibility of implementation of biosecurity measures, (3) insufficient evidence to develop disease and pest-specific policies and (4) lack of a coherent approach to seaweed biosecurity risk management in international policies. The report of Kambey et al (2020) and Mateo et al (2020) demonstrated similar issues, as far as national biosecurity-related regulations and policies were concerned in Indonesia and the Philippines, respectively. These issues included (1) a lack of a "recognized" national authority to enforce regulations;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…As a consequence of the rapid growth of this industry over the last 50 years, trans-boundary, intentional introductions of certain red algae species, especially Kappaphycus spp., have occurred for commercial purposes (Smith et al 2002;Ask et al 2003). Biosecurity measures, however, have been absent or, not strictly implemented, from the point of origin to final out-planting sites (Mateo et al 2020). This lack of biosecurity has led to disease and pest introductions, together with the intentionally introduced algae, which in many cases, have only become apparent several years after arrival (Vairappan et al 2008;Tsiresy et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, farmers have had to source high quality cultivars from other regions, thus increasing the likelihood of introducing infected strains to their farm. Since no, or minimal, biosecurity regulations are typically implemented in the Philippines, the translocation of strains and their health status at the local and regional levels continues unchecked (Mateo et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding biosecurity: knowledge, attitudes and practices of seaweed farmers in the Philippines

et al. 2021

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Farmers are one of the most important components of any plant-based cultivation industry. The Philippines is one of the world’s major producers of red carrageenophyte algae and has tens of thousands of farmers involved in this industry. The production of algae such as Kappaphycus and Eucheuma increased significantly from the early 1970s, when the industry was established, before declining from the mid-2000s, due to a number of reasons, including disease and epiphyte outbreaks. The introduction of biosecurity measures has been one approach used to tackle this decline. Biosecurity-related knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the seaweed farmers were assessed in the four highest seaweed producing regions in the Philippines: (1) Tawi-Tawi, (2) Palawan, (3) Zamboanga and (4) Bohol. Analyses showed that seaweed farmers from Tawi-Tawi had relatively higher KAP mean scores than the other three sites. Palawan and Bohol farmers, however, scored lower on their knowledge, higher on their attitude and highest on their practices compared with the other areas. Farmers from Zamboanga scored the lowest in both their attitude and practice mean scores, although their knowledge score was one of the highest. This is the first KAP assessment applied to the seaweed farming industry globally and the results, in which the farmers’ biosecurity-related knowledge and practices, which scored “Fair” (50–75%) across all the regions, and their attitudes, which scored predominantly “Good” (> 75%) suggest that there is potential to raise the score for biosecurity practices. This assessment highlights how biosecurity challenges are currently addressed by seaweed farmers in the Philippines and suggests how the KAP survey could be used as a tool by policymakers and scientists to address gaps in biosecurity management practices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding biosecurity: knowledge, attitudes and practices of seaweed farmers in the Philippines

et al. 2021

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“…Although published reports of diseases and pests in seaweed aquaculture are numerous (Ward et al 2019), management strategies included in policies to implement biosecurity in the seaweed industry have remained sparse (Campbell et al 2019a;Kambey et al 2020). In Tanzania, biosecurity issues regarding the marine plants have not been integrated into policies and strategies, which although this is in line with other producing countries (Kambey et al 2020;Mateo et al 2020), if improved could result in practices which help safeguard the Tanzanian seaweed industry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosecurity policy and legislation of the seaweed aquaculture industry in Tanzania

et al. 2020

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Pest and disease outbreaks have significant impacts on the livelihoods of seaweed farmers each year, particularly in low- to middle-income countries around the world. Commercial seaweed farming of the red carrageenophytes, Eucheuma denticulatum, Kappaphycus alvarezii and Kappaphycus striatus, in Tanzania was established in 1989. The impacts of pests and diseases on the local seaweed industry had serious implications for the environment, society, local culture and human health. The industry was initially characterised by growth, but since 2002 has been severely limited due to pest and disease outbreaks, exacerbated by the effects of climate change. This paper identifies existing biosecurity frameworks in Tanzanian legislation and policies in order to assess their content regarding the management of pests and diseases in the seaweed industry. A total of thirteen frameworks were identified and analysed for their general biosecurity scope and inclusion of specific risks. Of the thirteen, only four were legally binding, and only four were identified to be applicable to the seaweed industry. National frameworks were predominantly designed to support finfish aquaculture; therefore, national authorities lack the expertise, experience and scientific basis on biosecurity issues in seaweed industry compared with other aquatic commercial commodities to identify and mitigate the risks from pest and disease outbreaks in the seaweed farming industry. Recommendations are provided to assist regulators in establishing biosecurity policies, which either explicitly include or are specifically designed, to support the Tanzanian seaweed industry. This analysis reveals where biosecurity capacity can be developed to support a sustainable and economically productive national seaweed farming industry.

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“…Meta-barcoding evidence suggests the existence of a hidden diversity of pathogens that are yet to be described (Badis et al, 2019). Despite the well-documented lessons learnt from the aforementioned oyster and crustacean industries, these examples and subsequent assessments, highlight a comparative lack of biosecurity awareness and implementation in the seaweed industry at both an international (Campbell et al, 2019) and national level (Kambey et al, 2020;Mateo et al, 2020;Rusekwa et al, 2020).…”

Section: Novel Cons Ervation Challeng E S B Roug Ht By Alg Al Cultimentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring, harnessing and conserving marine genetic resources towards a sustainable seaweed aquaculture

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et al. 2021

Plants People Planet

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Analysis of biosecurity-related policies governing the seaweed industry of the Philippines

Cited by 31 publications

References 43 publications

Understanding biosecurity: knowledge, attitudes and practices of seaweed farmers in the Philippines

Understanding biosecurity: knowledge, attitudes and practices of seaweed farmers in the Philippines

Biosecurity policy and legislation of the seaweed aquaculture industry in Tanzania

Exploring, harnessing and conserving marine genetic resources towards a sustainable seaweed aquaculture

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