Analysis of brain distribution and biliary excretion of a nutrient supplement, gastrodin, in rat

Lin, Lei Chwen; Chen, Yen Fei; Tsai, Tsung-Yu; Tsai, Tung Hu

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2007.03.035

Cited by 56 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, previous reports have demonstrated that GAS could convert to p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA) in vivo [7] and then HBA got through the blood-brain barrier and bound to benzodiazepine receptor, which mediated its pharmacological effects on the central nervous system [8,9]. However, some researchers reported that GAS was also able to pass through blood-brain barrier and probably gave rise to its main pharmacological effect on the brain [10][11][12][13]. Moreover, Hsieh et al reported that GAS and HBA can both facilitate memory consolidation and retrieval [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacokinetic study of Gastrodia elata in rats

et al. 2015

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The pharmacokinetics of parishin, gastrodin, Gastrodia elata extract and Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule was investigated by intragastric and/or intravenous administration to rats. Parishin was metabolized into nine metabolites after intravenous administration, and the area under the curve (AUC0-∞) of parishin and its metabolites (except parishin G and parishin E) increased nonlinearly from 72.5 to 220 mg/kg. When combining regression equation with the AUC0-∞ and dose of gastrodin injection, the percent conversion of parishin to gastrodin was obtained as 50 %. Based on multi-active metabolites of parishin in vivo, integrated pharmacokinetic mode was established. It is notable that each metabolite from parishin shares the similar metabolic process at three dosages of parishin and the bioavailability of parishin was approximately 14 %. The integrated pharmacokinetic mode was successfully applied to evaluate the holistic pharmacokinetics of gastrodin injection, G. elata extract and Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule. The results showed that the holistic pharmacokinetics of gastrodin injection and G. elata extract was closed to that of gastrodin, but for parishin and Rhizoma Gastrodiae capsule, integrated pharmacokinetic parameters were more suitable to evaluate its holistic pharmacokinetics. Graphical abstract Pharmacokinetic study of Gastrodia elata in rats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to form conjugated metabolites and excreted via urine [19]. It is worth mentioning that the elimination of GAS was quite rapid and the elimination half-life (t 1/2 ) was almost within 1 h [11,22]. Therefore, multiple doses were employed to maintain efficacy of GAS in clinic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic study of Gastrodia elata in rats

et al. 2015

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“…However, no severe adverse effect of gastrodin has been reported in literature. Gastrodin administered intravenously penetrates the blood-brain barrier and goes through hepatobiliary excretion [20] . Recently, gastrodin has been shown to have a neuroprotective action against hypoxia in the cultured cortical neurons [21] and in rats [22,23] , and the action mechanism may involve a decrease of the extracellular glutamate level [21,22] , intracellular Ca 2+ overload and NO production [22] , and an increase of extracellular gamma-aminobutyric acid [23] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Preventive effect of gastrodin on cognitive decline after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: A double-blind, randomized controlled study

Zhang

et al. 2011

J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. [Med. Sci.]

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Cognitive decline is a common complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), but as such no pharmacological therapy has been shown to be efficacious in preventing the decline. However, gastrodin has been shown to have multi-pharmacological effects on neurological functions. We undertook this study to test the hypothesis that gastrodin would potentially prevent CPB-associated neurocognitive decline. We randomly assigned 200 patients undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery to receive either gastrodin (40 mg/kg) or saline after the induction of anesthesia and subsequently evaluated cognitive function before surgery, at discharge, and at 3rd month after surgery by using a battery of five neurocognitive tests, or adverse effects of gastrodin postoperatively. Neurocognitive decline in postoperative function was defined as a drop of 1 SD or more in the scores on tests of any one of the four domains of cognitive function. Cognitive decline occurred in 9% of the patients in the gastrodin group in contrast to 42% in the control group (P<0.01) at discharge. Cognitive outcome could be determined at 3rd month in 87 patients in the gastrodin group and 89 in the control group. Cognitive decline was detected in 6% in the gastrodin group and 31% in the control group (P<0.01). The incidences of possible adverse effects were similar between two groups. These results indicate that gastrodin is an effective and a safe drug for the prevention of neurocognitive decline in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery with CPB.

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“…Different mobile phases were previously used to obtain well separation of GAS from endogenous-related substances [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In present method, several mobile phases were also investigated to optimize analytical performance.…”

Section: Optimization Of Chromatographic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods of HPLC coupled with UV [12][13][14][15][16], electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) [17], and ESI-MS-MS [18,19] were established and applied for determination and pharmacokinetic studies of GAS in dog plasma [12] and rat biological samples [13][14][15][16][17][18][19], such as rat plasma, blood, brain, brain dialysate, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), bile, liver, urine and faeces. The previous results suggest that GAS was rapidly eliminated from the plasma, quickly distributed to brain tissues and bile, and quickly transformed into p-hydroxybenzylalcohol (HBA) after administration; the majority of GAS was excreted to urine but not bile [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. These pharmacokinetic studies were all in animal models, there has been few report on pharmacokinetics of GAS in human body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%