Analysis of cadmium and lead in mice organs

Abstract

Analysis and distribution of Pb and Cd in different mice organs, including the liver, kidney, spleen, heart, and blood, were evaluated before and after treatment with different aqueous concentrations of Nigella sativa (1.25-10.0 mg/L). Atomic absorption spectrometry was used for analysis of Pb and Cd in these organs. Results indicated that the Pb in the unexposed group of mice without treatment with N. sativa (black cumin) was in the following order: liver > heart > spleen > kidney, and the distribution of Pb in various organs of the unexposed group was not affected significantly by N. sativa. Moreover, results of mice exposed for Pb show that the Pb concentrations in different organs were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) by 72.9%, 63.4%, 72.3%, 66.7%, and 39.5% at a dose of 10 mg/L of N. sativa for the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and blood, respectively. Furthermore, the distribution of Cd in the unexposed Cd group of mice without treatment with N. sativa was in the following order: kidney > heart > spleen > liver. Nigella sativa at 10 mg/L reduced Cd levels in mice exposed to Cd by 75.5%, 83.3%, 47.0%, 95.3%, and 100% in the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and blood, respectively, whereas blood Cd concentrations were lowered to below the detection limit of 0.05 mug/L. A 28-d exposure of mice to a Cd-Pb mixture at a concentration of 1 ppm in drinking water induced a highly significant inhibition (p < 0.0001) of antibody response to human serum (80.5%). The suppressed immune responses in mice pretreated with the Cd-Pb mixture were reversed by 43.1% and 38.9% in the presence of 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL of N. sativa, respectively, whereas higher concentrations (5-10 mg/mL) of N. sativa increased the immunosuppression significantly. Nigella sativa at 1.25-10 mg/mL did not induce any significant modulation of the antibody response in unexposed mice.

Biosorption of Re(VII) from Batch Solutions and Industrial Effluents by Cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis

“…The influence of metal concentration, initial pH, time of interaction and temperature of biosorbent preparation on Spirulina biosorption capacity was studied in this work in batch mode. The influence of pH (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), contact time (1,5,15,30, and 60 min) and temperature of biosorbent treatment (30-110 C) on rhenium biosorption was studied using NH 4 ReO 4 solution with initial concentration of 10 mg Re L À1 and sorbent dosage 0.05 g. HNO 3 and NaOH (0.01 M or 0.1 M) solutions were used to adjust the pH of the initial solutions to the desired values. For the isotherm study, solutions of 1-100 mg Re L À1 were mixed with 0.05 g of biomass at pH 2 and shaken at 200 rpm for 1 h. All the experiments were carried out at 20 C.…”

“…Bioremediation technique constitutes an attractive alternative to common physico‐chemical remediation methods. Different types of toxic metals, such as chromium, cadmium, lead, and nickel have been removed from wastewater and batch solutions by microorganisms . However, data on the adsorption efficiency of microorganisms for rhenium are not widely reported in the literature.…”

“…Different types of toxic metals, such as chromium, cadmium, lead, and nickel have been removed from wastewater and batch solutions by microorganisms. [5][6][7][8] However, data on the adsorption efficiency of microorganisms for rhenium are not widely reported in the literature. The biosorption and bioaccumulation of ReO 4 À by the bacterium Bacillus sp.…”

Protective Effects of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) and Its Bioactive Constituent, Thymoquinone against Kidney Injury: An Aspect on Pharmacological Insights

“…Treatment of TQ and ebselen (Eb) inhibited arsenic-induced oxidative damage, apoptosis, and inflammation; and considerably attenuated arsenic accumulation in kidney tissues [19]. The suppressed immune responses in mice pretreated with the cadmium (Cd)-lead (Pb) mixture were reversed by N. sativa in the kidney of mice [65]. The nephroprotective potential of TQ in Cd toxicity might be due to its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties, which could be useful for achieving optimum effects [20].…”

Environmental cigarette smoke exposure modulates IgE levels of Pb-exposed children

“…Pb-exposure suppresses specific lymphocyte cell populations (Karmaus et al, 2005; Lutz et al, 1994a), stimulates humoral immunity including B-cell proliferation (Massadeh et al, 2007; Lutz et al, 1999), and increases IgE levels (Lutz et al, 1994b; Lutz et al, 1999) in children. Significant increases in IgG, IgA, and IgM in children under age three with elevated PbB have been noted (Sarasua et al, 2000), but no relationship was found between elevated PbB levels and immunoglobulin levels for adults and children over 3 years of age.…”