Analysis of Canadian and imported beers forFusariummycotoxins by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry

Abstract

A sensitive method was developed for the determination of deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), alpha-zearalenol (alpha-ZEL), beta-zearalenol (beta-ZEL) and zearalenone (ZEN) in beer by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of their heptafluorobutyrate (HFB) derivatives. Recoveries averaging 90-103% were obtained from beers spiked with each mycotoxin in the 5-20 ng/ml concentration range. Limits of detection were 0.1-1.5 ng DON/ml, 0.01-0.3 ng NIV/ml, 2.5-3 ng alpha- and beta-ZEL/ml, and 1.5-2 ng ZEN/ml. Twenty-nine of 50 samples of Canadian and imported beer surveyed were found to contain DON; of these nine contained greater than 5 ng/ml (up to 50 ng/ml). The identity of DON was confirmed by response ratios at m/z 670 and m/z 884 for the HFB derivative and m/z 497 and m/z 512 for the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative. NIV was also detected in three beer samples (0.1-0.84 ng/ml) but no alpha-ZEL, beta-ZEL or ZEN was found.

Occurrence of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) in beer in Turkey detected by HPLC

“…As far as we know analysis methods reported in the literature for DON level in beer were TLC (Odhav & Naicker, 2002;Trucksess, Flood, & Page, 1986), gas chromatography with electron-capture detection, flame ionisation detection or mass spectrometry (Molto et al, 2000;Schothorst & Jekel, 2003;Schothorst & van Egmond, 2004;Scott, Kanhere, & Weber, 1993;Shim, Kim, Seo, & Lee, 1997), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Niessen, Böhm-Schrami, Vogel, & Donhauser, 1993;Papadopoulou-Bouraoui et al, 2004;Ruprich & Ostry, 1995).…”

Determinação de tricotecenos em cerveja e avaliação de incidência no produto comercializado no Rio Grande do Sul

“…As novas tendências para detecção de micotoxinas em bebidas apontam o emprego de colunas de imunoafinidade para extração e limpeza [23,24,32], mas esta técnica quando comparada com o método proposto tem como desvantagem o alto custo, a possibilidade de falsos positivos e a não detecção de várias toxinas simultaneamente.…”

Analytical strategies for the determination of deoxynivalenol and its modified forms in beer: A mini review.

“…Until recently, analytical methodology for the determination of DON in beer relied predominantly on gas chromatography (GC) coupled either with conventional detection such as electron capture detector (ECD) (Molto et al ., 2000), flame ionization detector (FID) (Schothorst and Jekel, 2003) or mass spectrometry (MS) (Scott et al ., 1993, Bertuzzi et al ., 2011 . Liquid chromatography hyphenated to spectrophotometric detection (LC-UV) has been used to a lesser extent (Anselme et al ., 2006;Balajová and Rauová, 2008;Omurtag and Beyoğlu, 2007) .…”

“…In addition, extensive clean-up is important in order to remove matrix components reacting with the derivatization agent, interfering in final analysis or both . A two-step clean-up first on a cartridge with a hydrophilic stationary phase, then on a C18-cartridge was employed in a GC-MS method for the determination of DON along with nivalenol (NIV), zearalenone (ZEA), α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol in beer (Scott et al ., 1993) . In that study it was shown that heptafluorobutyric (HFB) derivatization resulted in a better sensitivity than derivatization with trimethylsilylation (TMS) .…”