Advances in network technology have led to extensive information technology construction work in all walks of life; universities, as a key component of national development, cannot be overlooked in this regard. In today’s universities, the Web-based integrated academic management information system is widely used, promoting higher education management system innovation and improving the management level of education departments and teaching management. The traditional management mode is incapable of locating “knowledge” in the mountains of student transcripts, and the original management mode must be improved. In business, finance, insurance, marketing, and other fields, digital exploration technology is widely used. This article describes the design approach for a data mining-based analysis and management system for PE course teaching quality, as well as the application of information technology and data mining technology in PE by combining actual PE teaching in schools, with the goal of realizing a data mining-based PE performance management system to serve PE teaching in schools and improve PE teaching quality. The results show that the time required to find frequent itemsets using a traditional algorithm running on a single machine, as well as the time required to scan the database several times for frequent itemset search in a distributed cluster of 20 computing nodes, is significantly longer than that required by the data mining algorithm. As a result, the proposed sports performance management system is functional, simple, and scalable, with each functional module operating independently and cooperatively, reflecting the concept of “high cohesion and low coupling.”