Analysis of Charging Systems for Electric Vehicle

Abstract

The charging system plays a key factor for the economic breakthrough of electromobility and customer acceptance with charging power, charging times, availability of charging stations, convenience of use. In the state of the art there are three main charging systems (conductive, inductive and automated). In recent years, there are always new requirements from laws, standards, and norms for charging systems. These requirements are important and crucial for the use and further development of the charging systems. With this work three charging systems (conductive, inductive, and automated) are analyzed, evaluated and the requirements from current norms, standard and laws summarized as well as recommendations given. Without analysis and evaluation of the requirements, the further development, implementation of the charging systems and fulfillment of the laws, norms and standards are not possible. In the literature, there is no comparison of all three major charging systems for different aspects present. With this work, the regulation of the maximum possible charging power of the battery for a charging process is presented and the charging power and efficiency between the conductive and inductive charging systems are compared. All three charging systems are compared in terms of performance, cost, convenience. Here, the impact of different types of charging systems on electrical networks, on smart grids, and the installation and maintenance costs are studied and discussed in detail. Automated charging system brings more opportunity for the future in terms of significant improvement of customer acceptance (secure, convenient, and fast charging).