Analysis of Chemical Composition, Amino Acid Content, and Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Six Organic Feeds

Luo, Chenglong; Wang, Donghai; Lu, Na; Li, Haiqing; Liu, Gaofei; Cao, Zhijun; Yang, Hsi-Chi; Li, Shengli; Xiong, Yan; Shao, Weijuan; Wang, Wei

doi:10.3390/ani12060682

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Individual and total AA profiles in wheat silage were similar among treatments. The total AAs profile averaged 60% of CP, which is in line with other findings [ 48 , 49 , 50 ]. The profiles of lysine and methionine relative to total EAA were lowest in urea and MI + urea, respectively, which might imply the extensive metabolism (e.g., hydrolysis or/and synthesis) of microbial communities in silages [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Effect of Microbial Inoculum and Urea Supplements on Nutritive Value, Amino Acids Profile, Aerobic Stability and Digestibility of Wheat and Corn Silages

Wagali,

Pelech,

Sabastian

et al. 2023

Animals

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Wheat and corn silages are widely used as ruminant feed in Israel due to their availability and cost-effectiveness. To ensure long-term preservation without compromising nutritional quality, effective methods must be employed. The inclusion of additives during harvest and ensiling can enhance efficiency and address preservation challenges. In the current study, the effects of microbial inoculum (MI) and urea on the chemical composition, amino acid profiles, aerobic stability, and in vitro digestibility of wheat and corn silages were investigated. Samples of wheat and corn were subjected to four treatments: control, MI, urea and a combination of MI + urea. The treatments were ensiled in anaerobic conditions and opened after 1, 7, 14 or 28 days. The results showed that additives improved the quality parameters of wheat and corn silages. The inclusion of MI produced the most aerobically stable silages. The inclusion of urea in silages decreased aerobic stability. Additives improved in vitro cell wall carbohydrates’ digestibility in both silages and was the best when MI was combined with urea. These results imply that additives could be incorporated in silages to enhance their nutritional value, aerobic stability and digestibility. Nonetheless, increased CP content with additives was not accompanied with a parallel increase in amino acids’ content in corn silage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Effect of Microbial Inoculum and Urea Supplements on Nutritive Value, Amino Acids Profile, Aerobic Stability and Digestibility of Wheat and Corn Silages

Wagali,

Pelech,

Sabastian

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…The formulation of dairy cow concentrate (KSA) in this study had a greater TNEAA content than the concentrate in the study by Zhao et al [25] , which was 8.97%–9.3% of DM (calculated NEAA and Arg). Luo et al [26] reported a range of 4.17%–23.22% for TNEAA content in grains. Moreover, Li et al [27] reported that the range of TNEE in plant-based and animal-source feedstuffs was 4.62–37.51 and 23.86%–81.99%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonessential amino acids in tropical ruminant feed: Investigating grass and legume forages of Indonesia

Tresia,

Anggraeny,

Winarsih

et al. 2024

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Objective: This study aimed to examine the concentration of nonessential amino acids (NEAAs) in ruminant feed in tropical areas, with a focus on forage grasses and legumes in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A total of 11 grasses (Chrysopogon zizanioides, Brachiaria brizantha, Brachiaria humidicola, Paspalum dilatatum, Paspalum atatum, Chloris gayana, Pennisetum polystachion, Panicum maximum, Cenchrus biflorus, Andropogon canaliculatus, and Digotaria decumbens) and six legumes (Arachis hypogaea, Pueararia Javanica, Centrosema pubescens, Clitoria ternatea, and Arachis pintoi) were analyzed for NEAA content using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Based on the results of this research, it was found that almost all NEAA content in forage was less than 3% (Serine (Ser), Alanine (Ala), Glycine (Gly), Tyrosine (Tyr), Proline (Pro), Cysteine (Cys), and Asparagine (Asn), except for glutamic (Glu) acid and arginine (Arg) in some legumes. The Glu content in grass ranges from 0.76% to 2.61%, and the Arg content ranges from 0.92% to 2.09%. These two NEAAs were most abundant in grasses and legumes, with concentrations of 5.10% to 6.27% and 3.10% to 5.53%, respectively. Conclusion: Our study concluded that Glu and Arg were the most abundant NEAAs in tropical forages in Indonesia, with legumes having a higher concentration of NEAAs compared to grasses. Among the legumes, A. hypogaea had the highest NEAA content (23.40%), while among the forages, C. zizanioides had the highest NEAA content (12.37%). However, it was observed that neither legumes nor grasses could fulfill the metabolizable TNEAAs requirements for gaining cattle (250 kg of empty body weight gain), unlike commercial concentrates, which were found to meet the requirements, especially for Arg, Glu, and thyronine. The provision of concentrate is necessary to supplement forage to meet the NEAA needs for cattle.

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“…DM degradation is an important index to measure the dry matter intake (DMI) of ruminants [ 25 ], which reflects the overall degradation effect of roughage in the rumen [ 26 ]. In this experiment, the effective degradation rates of DM in GS (42.53%) was significantly higher than that of AS (37.12%), and the DM degradation rate of GS at 72 h was 57.51%, which was significantly higher than that of AS (51.85%), indicating that GS was more easily decomposed and utilized by the body during digestion [ 27 ], resulting in a higher utilization rate in the rumen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Rumen Degradation Characteristics, Attached Microbial Community, and Cellulase Activity Changes of Garlic Skin and Artemisia argyi Stalk

Gu,

Liu,

Jiang

et al. 2024

Animals

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The purpose of this study was to study the chemical composition, rumen degradation characteristics, surface attached microbial community and cellulase activity of garlic skin (GS) and Artemisia argyi stalk (AS), in order to explain their feeding value. Four 14-month-old healthy Min Dong male goats with permanent rumen fistula were selected as experimental animals. The rumen degradation characteristics of GS and AS were determined by using the nylon bag method, and the bacterial composition, cellulase activity and their relationship on the surface of the two groups were analyzed with high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that in GS and AS, the effective degradation rate (ED) values of dry matter (DM) were 42.53% and 37.12%, the ED values of crude protein (CP) were 37.19% and 43.38%, the ED values of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were 36.83% and 36.23%, and the ED values of acid detergent fiber (ADF) were 33.81% and 34.77%. During rumen degradation, the richness and evenness of bacteria attached to the AS surface were higher. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were always the main rumen bacteria in the two groups. At the genus level, fiber-degrading bacteria such as Prevotella, Treponema, and Ruminococcus showed higher levels in GS (p < 0.05). Compared with GS, the activity of β-glucosidase (BG enzyme), endo-β-1,4-glucanase (C1 enzyme), exo-β-1,4-glucanase (Cx enzyme) and neutral xylanase (NEX enzyme) attached to AS surface showed a higher trend. Correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of Succinivibrio and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was positively correlated with the rumen degradability of nutrients in GS, and the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae R-7_group, Succinivibrio and Ruminococcus was positively correlated with the rumen degradability of nutrients in AS. The conclusion of this study shows that AS has more potential to become ruminant roughage than GS. In addition, this study also revealed the relationship between cellulase activity and bacteria, which provided new information for us to better analyze the effects of GS and AS on the rumen of ruminants and provided an important theoretical basis for the development and utilization of agricultural by-products.

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Analysis of Chemical Composition, Amino Acid Content, and Rumen Degradation Characteristics of Six Organic Feeds

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

The Effect of Microbial Inoculum and Urea Supplements on Nutritive Value, Amino Acids Profile, Aerobic Stability and Digestibility of Wheat and Corn Silages

The Effect of Microbial Inoculum and Urea Supplements on Nutritive Value, Amino Acids Profile, Aerobic Stability and Digestibility of Wheat and Corn Silages

Nonessential amino acids in tropical ruminant feed: Investigating grass and legume forages of Indonesia

Analysis of Rumen Degradation Characteristics, Attached Microbial Community, and Cellulase Activity Changes of Garlic Skin and Artemisia argyi Stalk

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