Analysis of chemical stability of tap water in terms of required level of technological safety

Abstract

Abstract:The main goal of this work is to show the new approach to determining safety technological levels (SLs) in terms of water quality and its chemical stability, as well as issues of water corrosion properties in water distribution systems (WDSs), due to the fact that water supply pipes are prone to corrosion. In the paper the methodology of determining the risk associated with threat to technical infrastructure was considered. The concept was studied on the basis of real operational data from the water treatment plant. The probability of exceeding the individual parameters for WTPI is slightly larger than for WTPII, which means that this water treatment process may cause lack of chemical stability in the water supply network. Operators should anticipate in the process of designing water distribution system, using proper materials, as to ensure an adequate level of safety from the water source to the water recipient. It should be noted that it is necessary to adjust the material of internal installation of water supply networks to the parameters of the water. At present, there are no correlations between the designing step and water parameters. It was concluded that to protect the water supply infrastructure, which belongs to critical infrastructure, water company should put more emphasis on distribution of stable water that has not potentially corrosion properties. Some suggestions were made for the protection of WDS and to ensure safety of system functioning and long-term usability of water pipes.

The Impact of the Quality of Tap Water and the Properties of Installation Materials on the Formation of Biofilms

“…In earlier research, Pietrucha et al confirmed that tap water supplying the experimental system is chemically unstable water with a tendency to solve solids with the possibility of occurrence of slight corrosion [30].…”

An Approach to Estimating Water Quality Changes in Water Distribution Systems Using Fault Tree Analysis

“…goes to four chambers with carbon filters, and from there to clean water reservoirs specific to WTPI and WTPII [36]. The treated water meets the quality requirements set for water intended for human consumption [37,38], while the quantity produced each day is around 37,000 m 3 -enough to meet the customers' needs in full.…”

“…The intermediate ozone chambers are completely separate for WTP I and WTP II . Water after ozonization goes to four chambers with carbon filters, and from there to clean water reservoirs specific to WTP I and WTP II [36].…”

“…the chemical stability of water was performed using a two-dimensional method, in which the probabilities of parameters being exceeded for the assessment of aggressive and corrosive water properties were determined [49], in line with the aforementioned definition in Section 2.2.2. Figure 2 shows the fault tree analysis prepared for the scenario of events, as a result of which a change in water quality in the supply network may occur due to the loss of chemical stability or biological stability, in line with the logic gate symbols from Figure 1 [36,49]. The probabilities of the occurrence of individual events were determined on the basis of risk criteria and assumed by referring to information obtained from experts and operational data from Section 2.2.2 and Figure 2.…”

Contamination of drinking water soon after cement mortar lining renovation depending on the disinfectant doses

“…Biologically stable water should not support any adverse changes in bacteriological parameters [14,15]. In turn, lack of chemical water stability, as determined by some physico-chemical water indices, may lead to the electrochemical corrosion of metallic surfaces, or as was mentioned earlier, to calcium compounds being deposited and leached from pipes [16][17][18][19].…”