Analysis of chemical warfare agents by portable Raman spectrometer with both 785 nm and 1064 nm excitation

Kondo, Tomohide; Hashimoto, Ryota; Ohrui, Yasuhiko; Sekioka, Ryoji; Nogami, Taro; Muta, F.; Seto, Yasuo

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.07.032

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The spectral range is 200-2500 cm −1 with transmission-type volume phase grating. The spectral resolution is 15-18 cm −1 , and the detector is a thermoelectrically cooled indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) [34]. The samples were analyzed with 60 cumulative scans with optimized laser power, aperture size, and duration (7 s) per exposure in order to achieve the best signal-to-noise ratio.…”

Section: Spectroscopic Characterizations Of 3d Printed Lattice Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Data and Finite Element Analysis of 3D Printed Poly(ε-Caprolactone)-Based Lattice Scaffolds: Influence of Type of Unit Cell, Porosity, and Nozzle Diameter on the Mechanical Behavior

Sala

Regondi

Pugliese

2021

Eng

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Material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM) is an advanced manufacturing method that produces parts via layer-wise addition of material. The potential of MEAM to prototype lattice structures is remarkable, but restrictions imposed by manufacturing processes lead to practical limits on the form and dimension of structures that can be produced. For this reason, such structures are mainly manufactured by selective laser melting. Here, the capabilities of fused filament fabrication (FFF) to produce custom-made lattice structures are explored by combining the 3D printing process, including computer-aided design (CAD), with the finite element method (FEM). First, we generated four types of 3D CAD scaffold models with different geometries (reticular, triangular, hexagonal, and wavy microstructures) and tunable unit cell sizes (1–5 mm), and then, we printed them using two nozzle diameters (i.e., 0.4 and 0.8 mm) in order to assess the printability limitation. The mechanical behavior of the above-mentioned lattice scaffolds was studied using FEM, combining compressive modulus (linear and nonlinear) and shear modulus. Using this approach, it was possible to print functional 3D polymer lattice structures with some discrepancies between nozzle diameters, which allowed us to elucidate critical parameters of printing in order to obtain printed that lattices (1) fully comply with FFF guidelines, (2) are capable of bearing different compressive loads, (3) possess tunable porosity, and (3) overcome surface quality and accuracy issues. In addition, these findings allowed us to develop 3D printed wrist brace orthosis made up of lattice structures, minimally invasive (4 mm of thick), lightweight (<20 g), and breathable (porosity >80%), to be used for the rehabilitation of patients with neuromuscular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and beyond. Altogether, our findings addressed multiple challenges associated with the development of polymeric lattice scaffolds with FFF, offering a new tool for designing specific devices with tunable mechanical behavior and porosity.

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Section: Spectroscopic Characterizations Of 3d Printed Lattice Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Data and Finite Element Analysis of 3D Printed Poly(ε-Caprolactone)-Based Lattice Scaffolds: Influence of Type of Unit Cell, Porosity, and Nozzle Diameter on the Mechanical Behavior

Sala

Regondi

Pugliese

2021

Eng

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“…Moreover, we used Raman spectroscopy to verify the formation of C-N-C bonds because it provides strong intensity for the structure with symmetric stretches of bonds [41]. After the reaction, we found a distinct peak at 757 cm −1 , which could be attributed to the vibration of C-N-C stretching (Figure 2b) [42]. These results confirm the formation of C-N-C bonds between the unreacted double bonds of the hydrogel microparticles and the primary amine groups of streptavidin.…”

Section: Spectroscopic Analysis Of Streptavidin-conjugated Encoded Hymentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Conjugation of Streptavidin to Encoded Hydrogel Microparticles for Multiplex Biomolecule Detection with Rapid Probe-Set Modification

et al. 2020

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Encoded hydrogel microparticles synthesized via flow lithography have drawn attention for multiplex biomarker detection due to their high multiplex capability and solution-like hybridization kinetics. However, the current methods for preparing particles cannot achieve a flexible, rapid probe-set modification, which is necessary for the production of various combinations of target panels in clinical diagnosis. In order to accomplish the unmet needs, streptavidin was incorporated into the encoded hydrogel microparticles to take advantage of the rapid streptavidin–biotin interactions that can be used in probe-set modification. However, the existing methods suffer from low efficiency of streptavidin conjugation, cause undesirable deformation of particles, and impair the assay capability. Here, we present a simple and powerful method to conjugate streptavidin to the encoded hydrogel microparticles for better assay performance and rapid probe-set modification. Streptavidin was directly conjugated to the encoded hydrogel microparticles using the aza-Michael addition click reaction, which can proceed in mild, aqueous condition without catalysts. A highly flexible and sensitive assay was developed to quantify DNA and proteins using streptavidin-conjugated encoded hydrogel microparticles. We also validated the potential applications of our particles conducting multiplex detection of cancer-related miRNAs.

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“…Optical techniques including infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies are valuable as bulk identifiers, but these methods are challenged by mixtures, especially when the component of interest is at low concentration. [30][31][32] Other methods such as ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) can detect and presumptively identify trace residues of chemicals (in some instances down to a few nanograms or less), 33 but not when these trace residues are in complex sample matrices. 34,35 Portable GC-MS systems, on the other hand, can reliably and rapidly detect and identify these substances at low concentrations, even when the substance is masked in a complex matrix.…”

Section: Portable Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deploying Portable Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to Military Users for the Identification of Toxic Chemical Agents in Theater

Leary¹,

Kammrath

Lattman

et al. 2019

Appl Spectrosc

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The use of portable gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is an important capability that has been available commercially for almost 25 years. These systems have been used within a variety of different industries, including their extensive use by environmental scientists for the analysis of hazardous air pollutants. Recently, these systems were deployed to conventional military forces for use in theater to detect and identify toxic chemicals including chemical warfare agents (CWAs). The challenges of deploying such complex analytical instruments to these military users are unique. Among other things, these organizations have considerable and variable mission strains, complex and difficult logistics and coordination needs, and variability in user backgrounds. This review outlines the value portable GC-MS systems offer to these warfighters in theater, discusses some important aspects of the design of portable systems that makes their deployment to this type of end user possible, and proposes methods that can be used to overcome challenges to successful deployment of portable GC-MS to non-scientists working within hostile environments.

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Analysis of chemical warfare agents by portable Raman spectrometer with both 785 nm and 1064 nm excitation

Cited by 28 publications

References 24 publications

Design Data and Finite Element Analysis of 3D Printed Poly(ε-Caprolactone)-Based Lattice Scaffolds: Influence of Type of Unit Cell, Porosity, and Nozzle Diameter on the Mechanical Behavior

Design Data and Finite Element Analysis of 3D Printed Poly(ε-Caprolactone)-Based Lattice Scaffolds: Influence of Type of Unit Cell, Porosity, and Nozzle Diameter on the Mechanical Behavior

Direct Conjugation of Streptavidin to Encoded Hydrogel Microparticles for Multiplex Biomolecule Detection with Rapid Probe-Set Modification

Deploying Portable Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to Military Users for the Identification of Toxic Chemical Agents in Theater

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