Analysis of chlormequat and mepiquat by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in food samples

Esparza, X.; Moyano, Encarnación; Galcerán, M.T.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.037

Cited by 57 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The SE treatment is occasionally performed with ultrasonication to increase the extraction yield and increase the speed of the procedure (Pan, Xia, & Liang, 2008). Extraction conditions, in particular pH, must usually be adjusted to facilitate analyte extraction using formic acid Mol et al, 2008) acetic acid (Poulsen et al, 2007), buffers (Mol et al, 2007;Nanita, Pentz, & Bramble, 2009;Esparza, Moyano, & Galceran, 2009), monobasic sodium carbonate (Pihlström et al, 2007;Taylor et al, 2008), and sodium hydroxide (Dreassi et al, 2007). In a recent study, acetonitrile, methanol, and acetone, all buffered with formic acid, were compared for a generic SE method for the LC-MS determination of 136 multi-class pesticides in different food matrices; overall, acetonitrile was deemed the best compromise (Mol et al, 2008).…”

Section: A Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most critical variable in SPE is the selection of the sorbent material. Among the packing materials available, reversed-phase octadecyl silica (RP-C18) (Chusaksri, Sutthivaiyakit, & Sutthivaiyakit, 2006;Hengel & Miller, 2007;Perreau et al, 2007;Picó & Kozmutza, 2007;Pitarch et al, 2007;Rodrigues et al, 2007;Esparza, Moyano, & Galceran, 2009) decyl silica (RP-C8) (Rodrigues et al, 2007), Oasis HLB (Gilbert-López et al, 2007a,b;Potter, Mohamed, & Ali, 2007;García-Reyes et al, 2008;Gervais et al, 2008;Ibáñez et al, 2008;Marín et al, 2009), Oasis MCX , cation exchange/reverse phase mixed-mode Nexus ABS (Hengel & Miller, 2007;Hengel & Miller, 2008), graphitized carbon (Pang et al, 2006b), aminopropyl (-NH 2 ) adsorbents with weak anionexchange and polar capabilities (Pang et al, 2006b;Hengel & Miller, 2008), Florisil (Tahboub, Zaater, & Barri, 2006;Zhang et al, 2006;Rissato et al, 2007;Garrido Frenich, Plaza-Bolaños, & Martínez Vidal, 2008) polystyrene-divinylbenzene materials (Marín et al, 2006;Perreau et al, 2007;Rodrigues et al, 2007;Kuster et al, 2008;Nanita, Pentz, & Bramble, 2009) and carbon-nanotubes (Wang et al, 2007b) have been reported (Tables 1 and 2). Recently, comprehensive studies comparing different SPE packing materials have been carried out in water and food matrices (Rodrigues et al, 2007;González-Rodríguez et al, 2008;…”

Section: A Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current mass spectrometry strategies for the analysis of pesticides and their metabolites in food and water matrices

Botitsi¹,

Garbis

Economou

et al. 2010

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

155

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Analysis of pesticides and their metabolites in food and water matrices continues to be an active research area closely related to food safety and environmental issues. This review discusses the most widely applied mass spectrometric (MS) approaches to pesticide residues analysis over the last few years. The main techniques for sample preparation remain solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction. The QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe) approach is being increasingly used for the development of multi-class pesticide residues methods in various sample matrices. MS detectors-triple quadrupole (QqQ), ion-trap (IT), quadrupole linear ion trap (QqLIT), time-of-flight (TOF), and quadrupole time-of-flight (QqTOF)-have been established as powerful analytical tools sharing a primary role in the detection/quantification and/or identification/confirmation of pesticides and their metabolites. Recent developments in analytical instrumentation have enabled coupling of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and fast gas chromatography (GC) with MS detectors, and faster analysis for a greater number of pesticides. The newly developed "ambient-ionization" MS techniques (e.g., desorption electrospray ionization, DESI, and direct analysis in real time, DART) hyphenated with high-resolution MS platforms without liquid chromatography separation, and sometimes with minimum pre-treatment, have shown potential for pesticide residue screening. The recently introduced Orbitrap mass spectrometers can provide high resolving power and mass accuracy, to tackle complex analytical problems involved in pesticide residue analysis.

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Section: A Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current mass spectrometry strategies for the analysis of pesticides and their metabolites in food and water matrices

Botitsi¹,

Garbis

Economou

et al. 2010

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, to meet the requirement of proper retention time, good resolution and the largest MS peak area, the separation condition was determined as 20 mM CH 3 COONH 4 -CH 3 COOH and 80% acetonitrile. Previous study solved the ion-pair reagents instrument fouling problem using HILIC column in LC-MS/MS method [18]. In comparison, a better retention was achieved under the condition of higher ratio of organic mobile phase (80%) and lower concentration of buffer-salts (20 mM) in this study.…”

Section: Lc-ms Methods Developmentmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…For most previously published LC-MS or LC-MS/MS methods, a C 8 , C 18 or silica-based reversed-phase column was usually applied with aqueous HFBA (15-20 mM) and methanol or acetonitrile as mobile phases for the analyses of CQ and MQ [1,2,6,11,19,20]. To remove the need for the use of the ion-pair reagent, HFBA, which can pollute the MS, the CAPCELL PAK CR 1:4 (SCX:C18 = 1:4) column containing strong cationic exchange resins and C18 was tested in this study.…”

Section: Lc-ms Methods Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of ion-pair reagents, however, could easily contaminate the mass spectrometer, resulting in the need for frequent cleaning [15][16][17]. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column has been recently used to solve the separation problem [18]. However, related studies are minimal, and further studies are required to establish a solid method for the routine analysis of these quaternary ammonium pesticides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An improved method for analyzing chlormequat and mepiquat in source waters by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Jin

et al. 2010

Analytica Chimica Acta

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a b s t r a c tA liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the identification and quantification of chlormequat (CQ) and mepiquat (MQ) in source waters with high sensitivity and specificity was established using WCX cartridges (150 mg/6 mL) for pre-concentration of the samples and using the CAPCELL PAK CR 1:4 (2.0 mm × 150 mm 5 m, SCX:C18 = 1:4) column containing strong cationic exchange resins and C18 for separation. The method could solve the problem for pre-concentrating ionic compounds from water samples and avoid the MS instrument fouling problem accompanied with the use of ion-pair reagents. After the optimization of analytical conditions, quantification was achieved in the positive electrospray ionization mode using selected ion monitoring. The samples were analyzed with multi-channel mode with quantification performed at 30 V cone voltage to ascertain the sensitivity and qualitative analysis performed at 60 V cone voltage simultaneously. The method detection limits (MDLs) of CQ and MQ in source water were determined to be 14 and 22 ng L −1 . Finally, the method was used to quantify CQ and MQ in several source waters, which gave a level ranging from below the quantitation limit to 28 ng L −1 .

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Pesticides (New Generation) and Related Compounds, Analysis of

Picó

2009

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Miscellaneous pesticides and related compounds comprise substances that can neither be included in the classical chemical category of pesticides nor classified by their mode of action. They are a heterogeneous group of substances, the most representative of which are macrocyclic lactones, chloronicotinyls, tetranortriterpenoids, ammonium quaternary salts, dinitroanilines, acetamides, oximes, triazoles, and pyridine‐based molecules. The pesticides covered in this article have hardly changed in the last years. However, their analytical determination has undergone significant improvements. This article provides a well‐defined and critical compilation of the sample treatment and clean‐up procedures, as well as determination techniques applied to miscellaneous pesticides. The new approaches in sample preparation in environmental matrices, such as air, water, soil, food and biological samples, are described. Analytical techniques for characterizing these compounds, which mostly include gas chromatography (GC) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), are discussed. Both techniques have almost completely displaced other chromatographic methods. However, in the frontier between chemical and biological techniques, the development of biosensor techniques is very promising. Here, analytical methods applied to the field of real samples are also presented.

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Analysis of chlormequat and mepiquat by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in food samples

Cited by 57 publications

References 31 publications

Current mass spectrometry strategies for the analysis of pesticides and their metabolites in food and water matrices

Current mass spectrometry strategies for the analysis of pesticides and their metabolites in food and water matrices

An improved method for analyzing chlormequat and mepiquat in source waters by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Pesticides (New Generation) and Related Compounds, Analysis of

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