Analysis of chloro- and nitroanilines and -benzenes in soils by headspace solid-phase microextraction

Fromberg, Arvid; Nilsson, Torben; Larsen, B.; Montanarella, Luca; Facchetti, S.; Madsen, Jørgen Steen

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(96)00298-1

Cited by 87 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Fromberg et al [68] used headspace-SPME to determine a range of chlorinated and nitrated aromatic compounds in soil. It was found that analyte recoveries depended on many factors, including soil humidity and the type of soil, and that matrix effects, especially those which depended on the organic carbon content, were so large that quantitation of unknown samples was impossible.…”

Section: Solid-phase Microextractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorptive sample preparation – a review

Baltussen¹,

2002

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Most sample-enrichment procedures currently available rely on adsorption of the analytes of interest by a suitable adsorbent material. Although good performance can be obtained for many practical problems, in some cases the applicability of adsorptive sample preparation falls short, particularly for the enrichment of polar and/or high-molecular-weight compounds, especially in combination with thermal desorption. Because of the very strong retention of adsorbent materials, undesired effects such as incomplete desorption and artifact formation are observed. Polar solutes are easily adsorbed but readily undergo surface-catalyzed reactions and on desorption yield compounds different than those originally sampled. High-molecular-weight compounds cannot be desorbed because of extremely strong interactions with the adsorbent and their low volatility. To overcome some of these problems sample-preparation techniques based on polydimethylsiloxane sorption have been developed over the past 15 years. In contrast with adsorptive trapping, sorption is based on dissolution of the analytes in a liquid polymeric material. This is a much more inert means of solute retention which overcomes some of the limitations encountered when working with adsorbents. In this contribution, the basic principles of sorption, the different instrumentation used, and applications of the technique will be reviewed. The review covers the sorptive sample-preparation techniques, open-tubular trapping (OTT), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), gum-phase extraction (GPE), equilibrium gum-phase extraction (EGPE), and stir-bar-sorptive extraction (SBSE). Because of the nature of sorptive sample-preparation techniques, which perform particularly well in combination with thermal desorption, this review focuses strongly on gas chromatography as the means of chemical analysis.

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Section: Solid-phase Microextractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorptive sample preparation – a review

Baltussen¹,

2002

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“…Direct SPME has been applied to determine pesticide residues in liquid foods as wine [11,[26][27][28] and juice fruit [16,18,27] and, HS-SPME has been used in wines [29,30]. It has been reported that complex matrices such as soil [31], vegetables [22], fruits [17,18] and honey [19,21] can cause interferences in SPME. The use of deuterated surrogates or internal standard calibration may correct such matrix effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of solid-phase microextraction for determining phenylurea herbicides and their homologous anilines from vegetables

Berrada

Font

Moltó

2004

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…The purge and trap technique is free from such problems, but can only be applied to volatile compounds: tetra-, penta-, hexachlo-robenzene can not be purged in reasonable time [3]. SPME used in the immersion mode and SPE do not have these disadvantages, and the concentration factor obtained by selective absorption of the analytes allows the determination of very low concentrations [8,10,11]. For soil samples, various solvent extraction methods (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the concentration of the compounds of interest is often very low, it is usually necessary to use some sample preparation technique with a high concentration factor. For water samples, several sample preparation methods are convenient, such as liquid-liquid extraction, headspace sampling, solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME) and purge and trap extraction [8,16,3,10,11]. Liquid-liquid extraction and headspace sampling are limited to ppb range, they can be affected by solvent contamination problems and loss of analyte is possible at low concentrations during sample handling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of chlorobenzenes in environmental samples using solid phase microextraction, thermal desorption and analysis by gas chromatography coupled to FID, ECD, MSD, IRD detectors

Takáts

Torkos

1998

Chromatographia

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SummaryA complex method was developed for the determination of chlorobenzenes in soil and groundwater samples. Samples were taken at two sites in Baranya county, where a mixture of chlorobenzene waste was deposited, causing severe contamination in the environment. Clean-up of these sites demands modern and reliable analytical methods. Several sample preparation techniques were used, such as solid phase microextraction (SPME), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and a recently developed thermal desorption method. The applicability of various sample preparation methods was compared by measuring recovery percentages, relative standard deviations and by investigating the matrix dependency of these values. Gas chromatography was used for quantitative determination of chlorobenzenes, using MS, IR, FID and ECD detection techniques. Detection levels were as low as I ppt in water, and 10 ppt in soil samples. Chlorobenzene concentration was in the range 1 ppt-1 ppm in water and 100 ppb-100 ppm in soil samples. Identification and calibration of these compounds were performed by quantitative standards. This complex analytical method can be used for rapid and precise quantitative and qualitative determination of chlorobenzenes.

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Analysis of chloro- and nitroanilines and -benzenes in soils by headspace solid-phase microextraction

Cited by 87 publications

References 18 publications

Sorptive sample preparation – a review

Sorptive sample preparation – a review

Application of solid-phase microextraction for determining phenylurea herbicides and their homologous anilines from vegetables

Determination of chlorobenzenes in environmental samples using solid phase microextraction, thermal desorption and analysis by gas chromatography coupled to FID, ECD, MSD, IRD detectors

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