Analysis of Coal Consumption and Growth Nexus by Environmental Kuznets Curve

Abstract

In this study, New Zealand and Finland are examined by Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model for the relationship between coal consumption and economic growth. For coal consumption and economic growth relationship, coal Kuznets curve is investigated for New Zealand for the period between 1980 and 2015 and is examined for Finland for the period between 1980 and 2013. Results of this study show that coal Kuznets curve is confirmed for New Zealand and Finland. Hao et al. (2016) confirmed coal Kuznets curve as this study confirmed in New Zealand and Finland. This study contributes to the current literature by verifying coal Kuznets curve for New Zealand and Finland. Coal Kuznets curve is also not investigated for these countries before. This study recommends further investigation of coal consumption-growth nexus carries importance since the only study in the literature for coal consumption-growth nexus belongs to this study for New Zealand and Finland.

Modelling Sustainable Non-Renewable and Renewable Energy Based on the EKC Hypothesis for Africa’s Ten Most Popular Tourist Destinations

“…Researchers double-checked that their findings were consistent with those of other studies. Bese [50] analyses the probability of EKC homogeneity in Ghana using the Johansen cointegration and VAR Granger causality and Wald test assumptions. The Johansen cointegration test was used to look at long-term correlations between GDP, CO 2 , energy consumption, and the square of GDP; however, neither the EKC hypothesis nor causal linkages between GDP and energy consumption were verified for Ghana.…”