Analysis of cocaethylene, benzoylecgonine and cocaine in human urine by high-performance thin-layer chromatography with ultraviolet detection: a comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography

Antonilli, Letizia; Suriano, Carmen; Grassi, Maria Caterina; Nencini, Paolo

doi:10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00445-x

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In humans, cocaine is extensively metabolized to benzoylecgonine (BE) by chemical hydrolysis and to ecgonine methyl ester (EME) by enzymatic hydrolysis (11). BE is the major metabolite of cocaine; its presence in urine confirms cocaine use (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Analysis of the Cocaine Metabolite Benzoylecgonine in Wastewater to Estimate Community Drug Use*

Kinyua

Anderson

2012

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Indirect estimation methods of cocaine consumption may not reflect the real extent of cocaine use. Another approach is sewage epidemiology. This direct approach is based on analysis of a stable cocaine metabolite, benzoylecgonine (BE), in wastewater. Influent to the Lubbock (Texas) Water Reclamation Plant was sampled twice a week to assess weekly variations in estimates of cocaine consumption over a 5-month period. BE was extracted from influent wastewater samples using solid phase extraction and analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Measured concentrations of BE were converted to cocaine equivalents; the estimated average daily consumption of cocaine during the study period was 1152 ± 147 g. Based on BE concentrations and sewage epidemiology, higher cocaine consumption was observed on weekends compared to weekdays (p < 0.0003). This method was effective in monitoring BE in wastewater and could be used to complement survey data in estimating cocaine use at a local level.

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confidence: 99%

Temporal Analysis of the Cocaine Metabolite Benzoylecgonine in Wastewater to Estimate Community Drug Use*

Kinyua

Anderson

2012

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…There are several major analytical methods available for the analysis of cocaine and its metabolites including gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) [3], [4], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [5], [6], thin layer chromatography [7], voltammetry [8], radioimmunoassay [9] and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [10]. These traditional methods, despite having achieved very good results, are generally expensive, time consuming and cumbersome for real-time measurements outside the laboratory, some of which also require sample clean-up and derivatization of cocaine prior to analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Fluorescence-Based Optical Fiber Sensor for Cocaine Using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer as the Recognition Element

et al. 2012

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“…As a result, the transesterification product, cocaethylene (CET), is formed. CET is the biomarker of COC and ethanol interaction and its formation is mediated by hepatic microsomal carboxylesterases [1,3,4]. This metabolite is of particular importance in COC toxicology once it presents higher heart-toxicity and lower lethal dose, 50% than the primary compound.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, several methods for the analysis of COC and a few metabolites in biological samples have been reported in the literature, such as high-performance thin layer chromatography [3], high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet [3,8], fluorescence [9,10] or MS detection [11] and gas chromatography with MS [5,[12][13][14] or flame ionization detection [15]. However, it must be emphasized that none of the above literature methods contemplated the analysis of COC and all five metabolites depicted in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple method for determination of cocaine and main metabolites in urine by CE coupled to MS

et al. 2009

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In this work, a simple method for the simultaneous determination of cocaine (COC) and five COC metabolites (benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene (CET), anhydroecgonine, anhydroecgonine methyl ester and ecgonine methyl ester) in human urine using CE coupled to MS via electrospray ionization (CE-ESI-MS) was developed and validated. Formic acid at 1 mol/L concentration was used as electrolyte whereas formic acid at 0.05 mol/L concentration in 1:1 methanol:water composed the coaxial sheath liquid at the ESI nozzle. The developed method presented good linearity in the dynamic range from 250 ng/mL to 5000 ng/mL (coefficient of determination greater than 0.98 for all compounds). LODs (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) were 100 ng/mL for COC and CET and 250 ng/mL for the other studied metabolites whereas LOQ's (signal-to-noise ratio of 10) were 250 ng/mL for COC and CET and 500 ng/mL for all other compounds. Intra-day precision and recovery tests estimated at three different concentration levels (500, 1500 and 5000 ng/mL) provided RSD lower than 10% (except anhydroecgonine, 18% RSD) and recoveries from 83-109% for all analytes. The method was successfully applied to real cases. For the positive urine samples, the presence of COC and its metabolites was further confirmed by MS/MS experiments.

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Analysis of cocaethylene, benzoylecgonine and cocaine in human urine by high-performance thin-layer chromatography with ultraviolet detection: a comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Temporal Analysis of the Cocaine Metabolite Benzoylecgonine in Wastewater to Estimate Community Drug Use*

Temporal Analysis of the Cocaine Metabolite Benzoylecgonine in Wastewater to Estimate Community Drug Use*

Intrinsic Fluorescence-Based Optical Fiber Sensor for Cocaine Using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer as the Recognition Element

Simple method for determination of cocaine and main metabolites in urine by CE coupled to MS

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