Analysis of conidiogenesis and lifelong conidial production from single conidiophores of Podosphaera aphanis on strawberry leaves using digital microscopic and electrostatic techniques

Iwasaki, Shota; Asano, Shunsuke; Yoshida, Kenji; Kitamura, Satoshi; Taira, A.; Honda, Yuichi; Suzuki, Tomoko; Takikawa, Yuichi; Kakutani, Koji; Matsuda, Yoshinori; Nonomura, Teruo

doi:10.1007/s13313-021-00794-0

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Recent taxonomic studies have described clear distinction between ascocarp appendages of Podosphaera and Sphaerotheca (Braun, 1982;Braun and Takamatsu 2000), which neces-sitated a change of the genus name of the agent of SPM to Podosphaera (Cook et al, 1997;Kirk et al, 2001). Morphological characteristics, originally described in 1987 (Braun, 1987), were recently displayed with digital light microscopy (Iwasaki et al, 2021). The hyaline conidia of P. aphanis are ellipsoid-ovoid to doliiformlimoniform in shape, and contain oil and fibrosin bodies.…”

Section: The Pathogen and The Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease cycle of strawberry powdery mildew (Figure 3) has been extensively investigated. The pathogen overwinters as mycelium on living infected leaves, and sporulation recommences in spring, leading to conidium dissemination and consequent polycyclic infections (Gadoury et al, 2010;Iwasaki et al, 2021) (Figure 3). Nevertheless, P. aphanis can also overwinter as chasmothecia, which developed in late summer/autumn (Gadoury et al, 2010;Jin et al, 2012) on the infected host leaves, in commercial fields or in the nurseries (Peries, 1962b).…”

Section: The Disease Cycle Of Podosphaera Aphanismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After infection, temperatures between 18 and 25°C at 97-100% relative humidity (RH) favour enlargement of the lesions, leading to conidiation (Miller et al, 2003;Amsalem et al, 2006). Conidiophores each develop from a generative cell that after a gradual conidiophore releases an average of 38 progeny conidia within 96 h (Iwasaki et al, 2021). Within a colony lifetime (35 d after inoculation) each colony can release an average of 6.7 × 10 4 conidia (Ayabe et al, 2022).…”

Section: Asexual Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under laboratory conditions (22±1°C, 45-55% RH), conidia of P. aphanis germinate within 4-5 h after inoculation, with each conidium forming a germ tube that develops into an appressorium (Iwasaki et al, 2021). After successful host penetration, achieved by enzymatic and mechanical processes, a haustorium forms within the host epidermal cell, and typically invades the host plasma membrane 1 d after inoculation, and hyphal growth commences.…”

Section: Asexual Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After successful host penetration, achieved by enzymatic and mechanical processes, a haustorium forms within the host epidermal cell, and typically invades the host plasma membrane 1 d after inoculation, and hyphal growth commences. Conidiophores develop 3-5 d after inoculation, and conidiation usually commences 6 d after inoculation (Peries, 1962a;Jhooty and McKeen, 1965;Iwasaki et al, 2021).…”

Section: Asexual Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and control of strawberry powdery mildew: a review

ALDRIGHETTI,

PERTOT

2023

Phytopathol. Mediterr.

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Strawberry powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera aphanis, is an economically important disease for strawberry production. Typical symptoms are white mycelium on all aerial parts of affected plants, with young host tissues being the most susceptible. The pathogen overwinters on infected leaves, either as mycelium or chasmothecia, although the quantitative role of chasmothecia in epidemics are not fully understood. In spring, under favourable conditions, the fungus sporulates, disseminating conidia and causing polycyclic infections. The disease is mainly controlled using synthetic fungicides, but there is increasing interest in sustainable alternatives, including microbial biocontrol agents (e.g., Ampelomyces quisqualis, Bacillus spp., Trichoderma spp.) and substances of plant or animal origin (e.g., Equisetum arvense, orange oil, chitosan, whey). Physical methods, (e.g. UV-C, ozone) are also promising alternatives to fungicides. All of these strategies should be combined with appropriate agronomic practices (e.g., overhead irrigation, canopy management) to create unfavourable environments for the pathogen. However, agronomic practices have never been assessed for P. aphanis. Disease forecasting models and DSSs, though available, are underutilized due to their complexity and lack of validation across locations. This review presents the current state of knowledge on P. aphanis the available methods for control of strawberry powdery mildew, and highlights knowledge gaps relating to this host/pathogen relationship.

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Section: The Pathogen and The Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Disease Cycle Of Podosphaera Aphanismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Asexual Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Asexual Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Asexual Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology and control of strawberry powdery mildew: a review

ALDRIGHETTI,

PERTOT

2023

Phytopathol. Mediterr.

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Epidemiology of Mycosphaerella Leaf Spot and Powdery Mildew and Agronomic Parameters of Strawberry Cultivars and Genotypes in the Highland Region of Southern Brazil

Lima,

Fagherazzi,

Nerbass

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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The productivity and quality of strawberries in southern Brazil are affected by the lack of cultivars adapted to different regions and by their susceptibility to diseases. This study aims to evaluate the resistance of cultivars and genotypes to mycosphaerella leaf spot (MLS) and powdery mildew (PM) and the quantitative and qualitative fruit agronomic parameters (FAP) of strawberries in southern Brazil during the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 growing seasons. The incidence and severity of MLS and PM were evaluated from the beginning of symptoms appearances until harvest. Cultivars and genotypes were compared based on the area under the incidence (AUIDPC) and severity (AUSDPC) disease progress curves and the quantitative and qualitative FAP. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, and multivariate analysis was performed using principal component analysis (PCA). The cultivars Irma, Bellalinda, Kiara, Jonica, and Pircinque exhibited the lowest values of AUIDPC and AUSDPC, demonstrating the highest resistance to MLS and PM. The cultivars Kiara, Jonica, and Pircinque, along with genotype FRF LAM 119.1, showed the best qualitative and quantitative FAP. However, the FRF LAM 119.1 genotype exhibited the highest values of AUIDPC and AUSDPC, indicating high susceptibility to MLS and PM. CPA data indicated that the cultivars Kiara, Jonica, and Pircinque had the highest level of resistance, which was associated with the highest total fruit yield and the best fruit quality in terms of skin color and flavor balance. Kiara, Jonica, and Pircinque proved to be good options for strawberry production in southern Brazil, combining resistance to MLS and PM with good FAP.

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Effects of Fungicides on Fungal Development, Conidiophore Morphology, and Conidial Releases from Single Strawberry Powdery Mildew Colonies Assessed Using an Electrostatic Technique

Takahara,

Asano,

Kurokawa

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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We evaluated the effects of fungicides on strawberry powdery mildew (PM) fungus, Podosphaera aphanis, using an electrostatic technique. Thirty-six fungicides were sprayed on single colonies of P. aphanis on leaves of strawberry seedlings (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne ex Rozier). Colony development varied depending on the tested fungicides. Particularly, pyraziflumid, triflumizole, triforine, polyoxin, sodium hydrogen carbonate + copper wettable powder, and flutianil + mepanipyrim were highly effective for reducing colony development. P. aphanis colonies were histochemically stained to observe the morphological characteristics of fungal cells forming normal and abnormal conidiophores. Abnormal conidiophores were classified into seven types based on their morphological and cytological characteristics. Finally, asexual conidia were collected from single P. aphanis colonies on the leaves spray-treated with fungicides using a dielectrically polarized insulator plate (electrostatic spore collector); conidia attracted to the insulator plates were counted using a high-fidelity digital microscope. Most tested fungicides highly inhibited the production and/or germination of asexual conidia. The germination of asexual conidia was observed only in thiophanate-methyl (methyl benzimidazole carbamates fungicides; MBC fungicides) and azoxystrobin (quinone outside inhibitors; QoI fungicides). Assessing with the electrostatic technique, we clarified that P. aphanis has developed resistance to both thiophanate-methyl and azoxystrobin. Thus, the methodological assessment analyzing the colony development and the number of conidia released from single colonies will be helpful information for screening effective fungicides.

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Analysis of conidiogenesis and lifelong conidial production from single conidiophores of Podosphaera aphanis on strawberry leaves using digital microscopic and electrostatic techniques

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Epidemiology and control of strawberry powdery mildew: a review

Epidemiology and control of strawberry powdery mildew: a review

Epidemiology of Mycosphaerella Leaf Spot and Powdery Mildew and Agronomic Parameters of Strawberry Cultivars and Genotypes in the Highland Region of Southern Brazil

Effects of Fungicides on Fungal Development, Conidiophore Morphology, and Conidial Releases from Single Strawberry Powdery Mildew Colonies Assessed Using an Electrostatic Technique

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