Analysis of constitutive cytokine expression by pigs infected in-utero with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Feng, Wen-hai; Tompkins, Mary B.; Xu, Jinsheng; Zhang, H.-X.; McCaw, Monte B.

doi:10.1016/s0165-2427(03)00059-x

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…By way of contrast, the reduction of the level of IL-10 production in PRRSV-infected pigs was associated with viral clearance (17). It was also reported that pigs infected in utero evidenced enhanced expression of IL-6 and IL-10 mRNAs from their PBMCs (10). Therefore, these two cytokines mediate the suppression of the immune responses necessary for viral clearance in the PRRSV-infected pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparative Measurement of Cell-Mediated Immune Responses of Swine to the M and N Proteins of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Jeong

Song

Lee

et al. 2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The principal objectives of this study were to develop autologous antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and to characterize the antigen-specific T-cell responses to the M and N proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) by using those APCs in outbred pigs. The orf6 and orf7 genes fused with porcine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were cloned into the mammalian expression vector to generate two plasmid DNAs, namely, pcDNA3.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparative Measurement of Cell-Mediated Immune Responses of Swine to the M and N Proteins of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Jeong

Song

Lee

et al. 2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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show abstract

“…Although PRRSV has been reported to have limited cell tropism, several groups have reported that blood monocytes become permissive to PRRSV replication following 24 h of cultivation (Duan et al, 1997;Voicu et al, 1994 The observation that PRRSV upregulated IL-10 expression in vitro is intriguing. There is at least one report describing an increase in IL-10 mRNA expression from PBMCs of piglets born from an infected sow (Feng et al, 2000). IL-10 has been known to be a potent cytokine capable of downregulating host immune responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulation of IL-10 gene expression in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Suradhat

Thanawongnuwech

Poovorawan

2003

Journal of General Virology

117

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“…IL-10 has chemotactic activity that can attract T cells (47). PRRSV may exploit this activity of IL-10 to attract T cells to the infected lungs and lymphoid tissues, where monocytes are accumulated and intense concentrations of IL-10 are being produced (12,16,25,28,65).…”

Section: Effect Of Prrsv-infected Apcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus-Infected Antigen-Presenting Cells on T Cell Activation and Antiviral Cytokine Production

2006

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The ability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) to suppress T cell expression of CD25 (alpha chain of interleukin [IL]-2 receptor), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was determined by flow cytometry in naive porcine T cells in response to mitogen (concanavalin A) and cytokine inducers (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus ionomycin [PMA/I]). Four PRRSV isolates of varying clinical virulence and three different types of porcine myeloid antigen-presenting cells (APCs) were used. T cells cultured with monocytes infected with virulent PRRSV (VR-2385, SDSU-73, and VR-2332), but not with a vaccine strain (Ingelvac PRRS MLV; Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, St. Joseph, MO), demonstrated significantly reduced CD25 expression (%CD25(+)) and IFN-gamma expression (%IFN-gamma (+)) compared with T cells incubated with uninoculated monocyte cultures. T cells cultured with monocytes infected with all four PRRSV isolates demonstrated significantly reduced %TNF-alpha (+). The significant reduction of %CD25(+), %IFN-gamma (+), and %TNF-alpha (+) was not detected in T cells cultured with monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDCs) infected with any PRRSV isolates. Heat-inactivated PRRSV did not induce significantly reduced T cell responses in any APC cultures. The reduction of T cell response in monocyte cultures was not due to PRRSV-induced T cell death. Gene expression of IL-10 detected by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was significantly increased in virulent PRRSV-infected monocyte cultures after PMA/I, but not concanavalin A, stimulation compared with IL-10 gene expression from uninoculated monocyte cultures. Increased IL-10 gene expression contributed to significantly reduced %IFN-gamma (+) and %TNF-alpha (+), but not %CD25(+), as determined by IL-10 neutralization assay. This study reports that PRRSV has the ability to suppress T cell responses. The suppressive ability of PRRSV is associated with viral virulence and is mediated by virus-infected monocytes, but not by virus-infected MDMs and immature MDCs.

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Analysis of constitutive cytokine expression by pigs infected in-utero with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Cited by 37 publications

References 21 publications

Comparative Measurement of Cell-Mediated Immune Responses of Swine to the M and N Proteins of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Comparative Measurement of Cell-Mediated Immune Responses of Swine to the M and N Proteins of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Upregulation of IL-10 gene expression in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Effects of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus-Infected Antigen-Presenting Cells on T Cell Activation and Antiviral Cytokine Production

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