Analysis of contaminated milk with organochlorine pesticide residues using gas chromatography

Abstract

Milk and milk products are considered to have tremendous nutritional values as they contain a good proportion of protein, fats, and important minerals. However, the nutritional value of the milk produced in Pakistan is not up to the mark as extensive use of pesticides on crops resulted in contamination of milk. Consumption of contaminated food such as milk, meat, fish, eggs can induce increased proportion of organochlorine pesticides in the body. The purpose of this study is to determine organochlorine pesticide residues in milk and their toxicity level by Maximum Residues Level (MRL) values. In the current study, organochlorines such as Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDE), Dieldrin, Gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (Ɣ-HCH) also known as Lindane, α-Endosulphan, β-Endosulphan and Endosulphan sulphate were detected with the help of gas chromatograph equipped with electron detector. These pesticides were confirmed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Analysis of variance is applied (ANOVA) to determine variations of pesticides in all milk samples. Analysis showed non-significant results (p > 0.05) with large variation among all milk samples regarding pesticide residues. The mean values of DDT, DDE were found to be below the MRL value. The mean values of Dieldrin, Ɣ-HCH were also below MRL value. On the other hand mean values of α-Endosulphan, β-Endosulphan, and Endosulphan sulphate were slightly higher than MRL in few milk points. The present study showed large variations of pesticides residues present in milk samples.

DHA content in milk and biohydrogenation pathway in rumen: a review

“…Milk is a possible dietary source of DHA, dietary source of DHA, but its concentration is particularly low ( Bai et al, 2018 ; Ishaq & Nawaz, 2018 ; Shingfield, Bonnet & Scollan, 2013 ). The DHA content of milk is influenced by the rumen microbiota, endogenous synthesis, and dietary intakes of DHA by dairy cows.…”

Acetylcholinesterase Immobilized on Glass Rod for Organophosphorus Pesticides Detection: Application on Milk Analysis

“…The passage of pesticides to milk from pasture depends on many factors, such as the quantity of the ingestion, absorption, metabolism of pesticides, and excretion by animals in production. Several reports about milk are contaminated by pesticides [6], [7], even though most chemicals can be found in animals' urine and feces. Therefore, real-time detection of pesticides is crucial as sample conditions can vary depending on the day and time of collection and shipping to the lab.…”

“…Toxicity of OPs is based on the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme in the central nervous system, and as a result, the synaptic concentration of acetylcholine will be higher than usual [3]. The results of automated monitoring, which provides information on the levels of various pesticides and organophosphate compounds in food products, show an increase in the total amount of pesticides in dairy products [4][5][6][7] due to veterinary practice against insects by applying directly in dairy plants and agriculture.…”

Rapid analytical method for the determination of 220 pesticide with their isomers by GCMS-TIC

“…The used method was fully validated on a representative agricultural soil sample with limits of detection (LOD) ranged between 0.024 and 6.25 ng g −1 . ( Shen, et al, 2009 ) reported the determination of 107 pesticide residues using off-line dispersive solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in some Chinese vegetables, Also, ( Ishaqa and Nawazb, 2018 ) Analyze the organochlorine (OCPs) pesticide residues in contaminated milk using gas chromatography.…”