Analysis of cooling systems for hypersonic aircraft

“…The conventional air cooling method is insufficient for ensuring the stable operation of supersonic flight systems. Therefore, research has been conducted since 1970 to enhance heat absorption rate using hydrocarbon-based absorbent fuels as coolants. , Absorbent fuels possess characteristics of absorbing heat and undergoing decomposition through thermal or catalytic decomposition reactions at high temperatures. Heat absorption from absorbent fuels can be distinguished into physical heat absorption and chemical heat absorption. , Physical heat absorption refers to sensible heat accompanying the temperature rise of the fuel, while chemical heat absorption represents the heat of reaction associated with the fuel’s decomposition, which can be maximized through catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, research has been conducted since 1970 to enhance heat absorption rate using hydrocarbon-based absorbent fuels as coolants. 1,2 Absorbent fuels possess characteristics of absorbing heat and undergoing decomposition through thermal or catalytic decomposition reactions at high temperatures. Heat absorption from absorbent fuels can be distinguished into physical heat absorption and chemical heat absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Al₂O₃ Interlayer Coating for Inhibition of Filamentous Coke Formation in n-Dodecane Cracking Reaction

Jang,

Lee,

Jeong

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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To manage heat generated during the supersonic flight of aircraft, hydrocarbon cracking reactions were proposed. To suppress cracking reactions occurring within stainless steel walls of fuel flow, an alumina coating was applied. By optimizing the pretreatment of stainless steel and the number of alumina coating cycles, an optimal method for alumina coating was identified. Alumina coating under optimal conditions exhibited minimal weight loss, even under ultrasonic vibration. Furthermore, it was found that the coated alumina exhibited a heat absorption reaction, resulting in 887 Btu/lb with suppression of surface catalytic reactions and a predominance of pure thermal cracking reactions. The change in heat absorption over time could be suppressed from 16 to 2.3%, and the coke formed on the wall was decreased by over 35% from 98 to 63.3 mg. Moreover, it was observed that incorporating the HZSM5 catalyst within the alumina layer not only maintained wall durability but also enhanced heat absorption by over 15% compared to thermal cracking.

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“…Hypersonic flight subsystems nearby the combustor and airframe are exposed to extreme aerodynamic and combustive heat loads. At Mach 6, the fuselage and wings experience a temperature of about 1200 °C, and the ambient temperature around the combustion chamber is in excess of 2000 °C. − Active regenerative cooling is effective in protecting the aircraft subsystems from the severe heat flux . Such a cooling technique avoids carrying an extra coolant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of JP-10 and 3-Carene Using Analytical Py-GC/MS for the Production of Low Molecular Weight Hydrocarbons

Priyadarshi

Vinu

2022

Energy Fuels

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Endothermic hydrocarbon fuels (EHFs) are meant to regeneratively cool high-speed flight components and surfaces. In addition to physical heat absorption, they also undergo thermal decomposition thus offering a chemical heat sink. In this study, two single-molecule hydrocarbons, i.e., JP-10 (exotetrahydrodicyclopentadiene) and 3-carene (3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene), are tested for their applicability as EHF. Noncatalytic and catalytic pyrolysis tests were carried out in an analytical Curie point pyrolyzer coupled with gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer using zeolites (HY, Hβ, and Mordenite) at 500 and 650 °C. A quantitative analysis of the pyrolysate composition is performed to evaluate the effects of temperature, catalyst type and catalyst loading. The results demonstrated that the effect of temperature was minimal since the pyrolytic reactions were driven primarily by the protolysis of the reactants. The yields of low molecular weight (LMW) hydrocarbons were higher with HY and Hβ, whereas the extent of cracking was low over Mordenite. The highest LMW alkene and alkane yields of 11.9 and 5.8 wt %, respectively, were achieved with HY in the case of JP-10. Similarly, for 3-carene, LMW alkene and alkane yields were 15.2 and 11.4 wt %, respectively, in the presence of HY. Propylene, isobutylene and isopentane were the dominant pyrolysates from both the fuels with catalysts. Cycloalkanes and cycloalkenes were the major alicyclic hydrocarbons formed from JP-10 and 3-carene, respectively. The yields of alkanes, alkenes, cycloalkanes and benzene derivatives increased with catalyst loading for JP-10. In the case of 3-carene, a similar trend was followed except for cycloalkenes whose yield decreased with catalyst loading. Plausible reaction pathways for the formation of LMW hydrocarbons from both the fuels are proposed.

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Analysis of cooling systems for hypersonic aircraft

Cited by 8 publications

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Neural Nets Speed Flow Calculation

Neural Nets Speed Flow Calculation

Enhanced Al₂O₃ Interlayer Coating for Inhibition of Filamentous Coke Formation in n-Dodecane Cracking Reaction

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of JP-10 and 3-Carene Using Analytical Py-GC/MS for the Production of Low Molecular Weight Hydrocarbons

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Analysis of cooling systems for hypersonic aircraft

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Neural Nets Speed Flow Calculation

Neural Nets Speed Flow Calculation

Enhanced Al2O3 Interlayer Coating for Inhibition of Filamentous Coke Formation in n-Dodecane Cracking Reaction

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of JP-10 and 3-Carene Using Analytical Py-GC/MS for the Production of Low Molecular Weight Hydrocarbons

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Enhanced Al₂O₃ Interlayer Coating for Inhibition of Filamentous Coke Formation in n-Dodecane Cracking Reaction