Analysis of Cosmic Rays' Atmospheric Effects and Their Relationships to Cutoff Rigidity and Zenith Angle Using Global Muon Detector Network Data

Mendonça, R. R. S.; Wang, C.; Braga, Carlos Roberto; Echer, E.; Lago, A. Dal; Costa, J. E. R.; Munakata, K.; Li, H.; Liu, Z.; Raulin, J. P.; Kuwabara, T.; Kozai, M.; Kato, C.; Rockenbach, M.; Schuch, Nelson Jorge; Jassar, H. K. Al; Sharma, Madan Mohan; Tokumaru, M.; Duldig, M. L.; Humble, J. E.; Evenson, P. A.; Sabbah, I.

doi:10.1029/2019ja026651

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…variations due to the temperature effect are approximated by

{(|, \frac{Δ R}{R_{0}})}_{T} = α_{M S S} Δ T_{M S S}

T_{M S S} = true \sum_{i = 1}^{n} T_{i} \cdot ((), \frac{x false(h_{i} false) - x false(h_{i + 1} false)}{x false(h_{0} false)})

where x ( h i ) is the atmospheric depth at the same altitude. Indeed, a very recent study from the GMDN (Mendonça et al., 2019) found a relation between the mass‐weighted temperature coefficient and the cutoff rigidity ( R c ) and latitude ( L ) for vertical incidence:

α_{M S S} = - 0.304 + 0.0389 \cdot normalln R_{c} - 0.0488 \cdot normalsin L

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Temperature Effect in Secondary Cosmic Rays Observed With a 2 m² Ground‐Based tRPC Detector

Riádigos

García-Castro

González-Díaz

et al. 2020

Earth and Space Science

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A high time resolution 2 m 2 tracking detector, based on timing Resistive Plate Chamber (tRPC) cells, has been installed at the Faculty of Physics of the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain) in order to improve our understanding of the cosmic rays arriving at the Earth's surface. Following a short commissioning of the detector, a study of the atmospheric temperature effect of the secondary cosmic ray component was carried out. To take into account this effect, temperature coefficients, W T (h), were obtained from cosmic ray data using a method based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results obtained show good agreement with the theoretical expectation. The method successfully removes the correlation present between the different atmospheric layers, which would be dominant otherwise. We briefly describe the initial calibration and pressure correction procedures, essential to isolate the temperature effect. Overall, the measured cosmic ray rate displays the expected anticorrelation with the effective atmospheric temperature, through the coefficient α T = −0.279±0.051%/K. Rates follow the seasonal variations, and unusual short-term events are clearly identified too.

show abstract

“…variations due to the temperature effect are approximated by

{(|, \frac{Δ R}{R_{0}})}_{T} = α_{M S S} Δ T_{M S S}

T_{M S S} = true \sum_{i = 1}^{n} T_{i} \cdot ((), \frac{x false(h_{i} false) - x false(h_{i + 1} false)}{x false(h_{0} false)})

α_{M S S} = - 0.304 + 0.0389 \cdot normalln R_{c} - 0.0488 \cdot normalsin L

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Temperature Effect in Secondary Cosmic Rays Observed With a 2 m² Ground‐Based tRPC Detector

Riádigos

García-Castro

González-Díaz

et al. 2020

Earth and Space Science

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“…Here the temperature coefficient α T and the effective temperature T ef f are defined as Theoretical (Dmitrieva et al, 2011) This work ∆α α T (%/K) -0.319 -0.279 ± 0.051 0.040 ± 0.051 (Mendonça et al, 2019) This work ∆α α M SS (%/K) -0.271 -0.233 ± 0.045 0.038 ± 0.045…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where x(h i ) is the atmospheric depth at the same altitude. Indeed, a very recent study from the GMDN (Mendonça et al, 2019) found a relation between the mass-weighted temperature coefficient and the cutoff rigidity (R c ) and latitude (L) for vertical incidence:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Temperature Effect in secondary cosmic rays observed with a two square meter ground-based detector

Riádigos,

García-Castro,

González-Díaz

et al. 2020

Preprint

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A high resolution 2 m 2 tracking detector, based on timing Resistive Plate Chamber (tRPC) cells, has been installed at the Faculty of Physics of the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain) in order to improve our understanding of the cosmic rays arriving at the Earth's surface. Following a short commisioning of the detector, a study of the atmospheric temperature effect of the secondary cosmic ray component was carried out. A method based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been implemented in order to obtain the distribution of temperature coefficients, W T (h), using as input the measured rate of nearly vertical cosmic ray tracks, showing good agreement with the theoretical expectation. The method succesfully removes the correlation present between the different atmospheric layers, that would be dominant otherwise. We briefly describe the initial calibration and pressure correction procedures, essential to isolate the temperature effect. Overall, the measured cosmic ray rate displays the expected anticorrelation with the effective atmospheric temperature, through the coefficient α T = −0.279 ± 0.051 %/K. Rates follow the seasonal variations, and unusual short-term events are clearly identified too.

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“…There are 6 Â 6 in the first, 4 Â 4 in the second and 4 Â 9 individual detectors in the third. On the other hand, the Kuwait telescope is composed of four 5 Â 5 m layers (0.8 m apart) of cylindrical proportional counter tubes below a lead layer (Mendonça et al, 2019). When a coincidence is registered between two detectors, one at each layer, the trajectory of a particle can be determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MITO: a new directional muon telescope

Ayuso

Blanco

Tejedor

et al. 2021

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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Muon telescopes are instruments devoted to the observation of muons. They are produced in the atmosphere by means of the interaction of cosmic ray and solar energetic particles with atmospheric nuclei. Muons, as cosmic rays that produce them, present non uniform arrival directions and temporal variations at ground level and, along certain observation directions, could forecast the arrival of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) at the Earth, even earlier than neutron monitors. However, multidirectional muon telescopes are not easily affordable because of their complexity, size and cost. In this work, we present the Muon Impact Tracer and Observer (MITO) design concept. It is composed of only two stacked scintillators (1 m 2 ) with an optional lead layer that allows the filtering of unwanted particles depending on the type of application. In the case presented here, a 10 cm lead layer corresponding to the lead of a 3NM64 neutron monitor around which MITO has been built. Eight photomultipliers (PMTs) gather the light emerging from the four lateral sides of the scintillators. MITO has been conceived not only to achieve muon flux registering, but also to register muon arrival directions through the capture and analysis of multiple PMT pulse height data. The number of scintillators and electronic components is reduced, simplifying its design and construction and reducing complexity, volume, weight, power consumption and cost, and thus, achieving a reasonable performance-cost ratio in comparison to other directional telescopes based on two-layer matrices. The first prototype was shipped from Spain to Antarctica where it is now recording data. Some preliminary results are also presented.

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Analysis of Cosmic Rays' Atmospheric Effects and Their Relationships to Cutoff Rigidity and Zenith Angle Using Global Muon Detector Network Data

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Atmospheric Temperature Effect in Secondary Cosmic Rays Observed With a 2 m² Ground‐Based tRPC Detector

Atmospheric Temperature Effect in Secondary Cosmic Rays Observed With a 2 m² Ground‐Based tRPC Detector

Atmospheric Temperature Effect in secondary cosmic rays observed with a two square meter ground-based detector

MITO: a new directional muon telescope

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Analysis of Cosmic Rays' Atmospheric Effects and Their Relationships to Cutoff Rigidity and Zenith Angle Using Global Muon Detector Network Data

Cited by 12 publications

References 57 publications

Atmospheric Temperature Effect in Secondary Cosmic Rays Observed With a 2 m2 Ground‐Based tRPC Detector

Atmospheric Temperature Effect in Secondary Cosmic Rays Observed With a 2 m2 Ground‐Based tRPC Detector

Atmospheric Temperature Effect in secondary cosmic rays observed with a two square meter ground-based detector

MITO: a new directional muon telescope

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Atmospheric Temperature Effect in Secondary Cosmic Rays Observed With a 2 m² Ground‐Based tRPC Detector

Atmospheric Temperature Effect in Secondary Cosmic Rays Observed With a 2 m² Ground‐Based tRPC Detector