Analysis of creep in a welded ‘P91’ pressure vessel

A Comparative Study on the .THETA. Projection and the .OMEGA. Method

“…The procedure was referred to the work by Eggeler et al 9) Namely, as-received parent materials were heated to 8 500°C with six minutes and held at this temperature for five minutes, then cooled in air. This heat cycle was given twice prior to the simulated Post Weld Heat treatment (PWHT) at 700°C for 2 h.…”

Review on the Current State of Developing of Advanced Creep Damage Constitutive Equations for High Chromium Alloy 

“…An optical micrograph of base metal, IC-HAZ and weld metal micro-structure is shown in Fig.1. [5] The uniaxial creep behaviour shows that the creep strength increased with decreasing sub-grain size, that the HAZ material creeps faster than the base metal and much faster than the weld metal. And the HAZ material is weaker than the base metal and meld metal.…”

“…Example creep curves are illustrated by Fig.2. [5] According to Hyde, et al [16,21], the uni-axial and notched bar creep tests have shown that the creep rupture strengths are close to each other between parent material and weld metal; the weld metal is slightly stronger that the parent material. It was also shown that failure occurs at the Type IV position and controlled by the HAZ.…”

“…G. The welding process results in the formation of typically four material zones for P91 type of weldment which is illustrated by Figure 1 [5]. A critical summary of experimental observation is listed below:…”

Creep Behavior and Rupture Life of the Simulated Intercritical HAZ for 1.25Cr-0.5Mo Steel under a Multiaxial Stress State

“…Blanks for both types of specimens were removed from a portion, which was distant from the girth welds. The procedure to generate the ICZ microstructure was referred to the work by Eggeler et al 5) Namely, base metal of an as-received pipe was heated to 850°C with 6 min and held at this temperature for 5 min, then cooled in air. Subsequently, simulated Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) was performed at 700°C.…”