“…21 st century skills known as the 4C include communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity (Trilling & Fadel, 2009;Isnaini et al, 2023;Siregar et al, 2023;Jalinus et al, 2023). 21 st -century education in its learning is not only limited to conveying information but is more focused on developing students' abilities in critical thinking, solving problems, collaborating, using information and communication technology, and relating knowledge to the context of everyday life (Framework for 21st Century Learning, 2011;Yulanda et al, 2023).…”