Analysis of Cu(I) Complexes in Copper Sulfate Electroplating Solution by Using Reaction Kinetics with a Chelate Reagent

Abstract

Analysis of Cu(I) in copper sulfate electroplating solutions was conducted by absorption of a chelate of Cu(I) with bathocuproinedisulfonic acid, disodium salt (BCS). The absorbance of the color reaction of Cu(I) increased quickly in a few minutes after mixing with the chelate reagent and subsequently continued to increase slowly. To analyze the reaction kinetics of the color reaction, we divided Cu(I) complexes into two groups, small complexes and large Cu(I)-PEG complexes, and assumed the reaction of each group of complexes and BCS is a first order reaction with a specific reaction rate constant. We simulated the absorption curve with a good correlation and obtained the concentrations and the time constants, inverse of rate constants, of small complexes and large Cu(I)-PEG complexes. These concentrations and time constants are important parameters to control plating solutions. The time constant of small complexes can be attributed to the variation of the proportions of these small complexes. The smaller time constant of Cu(I)-PEG complexes can be considered the larger size distribution of Cu(I)-PEG with different chain lengths. Using this analysis, we monitored the variation of Cu(I) concentration in production lines for one month and found the increase of small complexes during the resting state of the lines. This increase corresponded to the tendency of occurring of brightening troubles.

Concentration dependent effect of CuCl2 on the photocatalytic degradation of phenol over anatase, rutile and brookite TiO2

“…At given intervals, 2.0 mL of the suspension was withdrawn, ltered, and analyzed by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) on a Dionex P680 (Apollo C18 reverse column, and 50% CH 3 OH eluent). Cu(I) species was analyzed by using a Cu reagent, 21 and the resulting complex spectrum was recorded on an Agilent 8453 UV-visible spectrophotometer. Chromate was measured at 540 nm through its complex with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide.…”

“…At the rst, the Cu(I) species produced in aqueous solution was detected by a Cu reagent. 21 To accelerate the reduction of Cu 2+ , and to avoid the re-oxidation of Cu +/0 , the reactions were carried out under N 2 by using excess phenol as the hole scavenger of TiO 2 . First, an aqueous suspension containing 1.00 g L À1 TiO 2 , 0.43 mM phenol, and 4.0 mM CuCl 2 was irradiated under N 2 for 1.5 h. Then, to the irradiated suspension, a certain amount of copper reagent was added under N 2 , followed by stirring for 5 min.…”

Topological entrapment of macromolecules during the formation of metal–organic framework

“…In fact, the addition of ethylene glycol, a lowmolecular-weight analogue (single monomer unit) of PEG, did not lead to the crystals of 1 at 25 °C, because it could not induce the multidentate chelation effect owing to its short length (Figure S2). 15 To better understand the in situ encapsulation mechanism, we varied the PEG concentration in the 1+PEG reaction at 120 °C. The relationship between the encapsulated and added PEG contents exhibited a non-linear trend (Figure S3).…”

Accumulation and Analysis of Cuprous Ions in a Copper Sulfate Plating Solution

“…TL is the time constant of the AL component. To simulate the color reaction curve, we applied the formula to the original analysis software (software may be commercially available) 13,15 . A curve simulating the change in the absorbance of the color reaction of the electroplating solution is shown in Figure 7.…”