Analysis of cyclic load die forming for woven jute fabric 3D reinforcement polymeric composites

Abstract

2D fabrics are used widely and to good effect as a reinforcement for many planer composites and simple curved structures, i.e. a cylindrical arc. There are, however, manufacturing difficulties in the formation of composite structures which are curved across two axes, i.e. a bowl shape. This can be addressed by manufacturing “3D” fabric preforms; however, this requires complex machinery and is slow and expensive. It is, therefore, desirable to form complex curved shapes from planer textile structures; this is either done by cutting a net shape from the textile and placing it on a mold or by using force to stretch the fabric to the mold. These methods, however, result in discontinuous reinforcement or poor distribution of phases, respectively. Wrinkling of the fabric during formation will increase the possibility of composite failure under loading because of the presence of rich fiber or resin areas. A new method was suggested to manufacture 3D shapes from 2D fabric through the application of cyclic loading on the 2D fabric under a continuous hot air till the final fabric prepreg bagging form is reached. The composite fabrication process was completed in two steps: imposing dynamic bagging of the chemically treated 2D Jute fabric with 16% sodium hydroxide in slack form to fit the die final shape prior to the infusing of the resin accompanied by pressing two halves of the mold. A proto-type setup was designed to study the two-step fabrication method for various shapes of 3D fabric reinforcement.

Investigation of quasi-static punching penetration behavior of Kevlar plain-woven fabric

“…The fabric will change its position relative to the puncher tip, depending on the acting forces. 11,28

Figure 5.Forces acting on warp and weft yarns at the intersection point.

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Innovative technique in sheet forming of feminine personal protective armor by combined cyclic stretching and deep drawing method

“…This part can travel down wards to move the upper part downwards in steps, according to the regime of forming. 26 The movement of the bra cup forming mandrel will apply the tension-tension cyclic stretch on the fabric specimen that stretches the yarn's forming the fabric. The value of the stress σ fabric (max) should be less than the bursting stress of the fabric in order to prevent fabric failure so the value of σ fabric (max) should be ≪ Fabric bursting stress of the material.…”

“…The manufacturing of female armor requires the transformation of 2-D fabrics into various structural 3-D shapes through performed processing. 21,[25][26][27][28] It is proposed to approach forming of fabric through the dynamic bagging of the fabric by the application of cyclic loading on the fabric during the formation of 3-D reinforcement structure. 28 It can be used to obtain suitable fabric parameters to assure a stretch-forming operation without overstraining the fabric.…”

A review on the damping properties of fiber reinforced polymer composites

“…However, fiber reinforced composite materials used in engineering applications often suffer from dynamic loading effects. The vibration would cause undesirable noise, which shortens the lifespan of integral structure [2,18]. Therefore, it is an appealing challenge to enhance vibration control capacity of the composites [19][20][21].…”

“…It has the advantages including high specific modulus, high specific strength, good formability, and easy tailorability. Especially, fiber reinforced composite is a powerful and lightweight alternative to traditional metal and concrete materials [1][2][3]. It has been extensively used for a range of engineering fields, such as aeronautical structures, sports equipment, construction materials, and wind turbines [4][5][6].…”