Analysis of daily and circadian gene expression in the rat pineal gland

Fukuhara, Chiaki; Tosini, Gianluca

doi:10.1016/j.neures.2007.10.011

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The far greater number of night/day differentially expressed genes seen in this study as compared with the less than 40 genes seen in previous studies (26,55) may reflect several factors, including the larger number of probe sets interrogated by the RAE230A microarray (15,923 probe sets, 10,174 genes) and the Rat230_2 microarray (31,099 probe sets, 13,663 genes), as compared with the two platforms used in the previous studies, including the Affymetrix RG_U34A microarray (8,799 probe sets, 4,996 genes) and the Atlas Rat 1.2 cDNA expression array (1,176 genes). Other factors that may have contributed to the differences are the larger number of replicates in this study, which is based on a total of 10 pools of night and of day glands; previous studies used less.…”

Section: Large Number Of Genes That Exhibit Daily Changes In Expressicontrasting

confidence: 58%

“…The results of this study markedly expand the list of adrenergically regulated genes and in doing so demonstrate that a single regulatory signal can have a profound effect on the transcriptome of one tissue. A previous study did not find a correlation between night/ day differentially expressed genes and those induced by NE treatment (26,55,80). It is likely that this difference is because of the short NE treatment period (1 h) used in the previous study (80).…”

Section: Adrenergic/camp Signaling Plays a Dominant Role In Controllimentioning

confidence: 82%

“…15 Previous studies of this nature in the rat have identified 39 night/day differentially expressed genes (26); a more recent study identified 35 such genes with Entrez Gene identifiers (59 probe sets) (55). Our study had three specific goals.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Night/Day Changes in Pineal Expression of >600 Genes

Bailey

Coon

Carter

et al. 2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

137

211

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The pineal gland plays an essential role in vertebrate chronobiology by converting time into a hormonal signal, melatonin, which is always elevated at night. Here we have analyzed the rodent pineal transcriptome using Affymetrix GeneChip technology to obtain a more complete description of pineal cell biology. The effort revealed that 604 genes (1,268 probe sets) with Entrez Gene identifiers are differentially expressed greater than 2-fold between midnight and mid-day (false discovery rate <0.20). Expression is greater at night in ϳ70%. These findings were supported by the results of radiochemical in situ hybridization histology and quantitative real time-PCR studies. We also found that the regulatory mechanism controlling the night/ day changes in the expression of most genes involves norepinephrine-cyclic AMP signaling. Comparison of the pineal gene expression profile with that in other tissues identified 334 genes (496 probe sets) that are expressed greater than 8-fold higher in the pineal gland relative to other tissues. Of these genes, 17% are expressed at similar levels in the retina, consistent with a common evolutionary origin of these tissues. Functional categorization of the highly expressed and/or night/day differentially expressed genes identified clusters that are markers of specialized functions, including the immune/inflammation response, melatonin synthesis, photodetection, thyroid hormone signaling, and diverse aspects of cellular signaling and cell biology. These studies produce a paradigm shift in our understanding of the 24-h dynamics of the pineal gland from one focused on melatonin synthesis to one including many cellular processes.A defining feature of the pineal gland is a 24-h rhythm in melatonin synthesis. Melatonin provides vertebrates with a circulating signal of time and is essential for optimal integration of physiological functions with environmental lighting on a daily and seasonal basis (1-4).The melatonin rhythm in mammals is driven by a circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), 13 which is hard-wired to the pineal gland by a polysynaptic pathway that courses through central and peripheral neuronal structures. The pineal gland is innervated by projections from the superior cervical ganglia (SCG) in the form of a dense network of catecholamine-containing sympathetic fibers. Activation of the SCN 3 pineal pathway occurs at night and results in the release

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Section: Large Number Of Genes That Exhibit Daily Changes In Expressicontrasting

confidence: 58%

Section: Adrenergic/camp Signaling Plays a Dominant Role In Controllimentioning

confidence: 82%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Night/Day Changes in Pineal Expression of >600 Genes

Bailey

Coon

Carter

et al. 2009

Journal of Biological Chemistry

137

211

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Components of a molecular clock underlying rhythmic gene expression have been characterized in neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) [23,24], in liver [23][24][25][26][27], heart [26], synchronized fibroblasts [28], adipose tissue [29], adrenal gland [30], skeletal muscle [31], pituitary [32] and pineal [33] glands, calvarial bone [34], as well as in epithelial cells of lung [35,36] and gastrointestinal tract [37][38][39]. In order to ensure proper temporal organization in metabolism and behavior at the level of an organism, the multiple tissue-specific transcriptional oscillations have to be synchronized with the natural 24-hr cycle.…”

Section: Circadian Clock Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological modulators of the circadian clock as potential therapeutic drugs

Antoch

Chernov

2009

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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Circadian clocks are molecular time-keeping systems that underlie daily fluctuations in multiple physiological and biochemical processes. It is well recognized now that dysfunctions of the circadian system (both genetically and environmentally induced) are associated with the development of various pathological conditions. Here we describe the application of high throughput screening approach designed to search for small molecules capable of pharmacological modulation of the molecular clock. We provide evidence for the feasibility and value of this approach for both scientific and therapeutic purposes.

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“…During recent years, modern transcript analysis has started to reveal circadian expression of several new genes in photoneuroendocrine circadian areas of the brain, for example, the rat pineal gland (Gaildrat et al, 2005;Rath et al, 2006;Fukuhara & Tosini, 2007;Ganguly et al, 2007;Muñoz et al, 2007), the SCN of the mouse (Panda et al, 2002;Ueda et al, 2002), and immortalized neurons of the mouse SCN (Menger et al, 2005). FIGURE 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics of the photoneuroendocrine circadian system of the brain

Møller

Lund-Andersen

Rovsing

et al. 2009

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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The photoneuroendocrine circadian system of the brain consists of (a) specialized photoreceptors in the retina, (b) a circadian generator located in the forebrain that contains "clock genes," (c) specialized nuclei in the forebrain involved in neuroendocrine secretion, and (d) the pineal gland. The circadian generator is a nucleus, called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The neurons of this nucleus contain "clock genes," the transcription of which exhibits a circadian rhythm. Most circadian rhythms are generated by the neurons of this nucleus and, via neuronal and humoral connections, the SCN controls circadian activity of the brain and peripheral tissues. The endogenous oscillator of the SCN is each day entrained to the length of the daily photoperiod by light that reach the retina, and specialized photoreceptors transmit impulses to the SCN via the optic nerves. Mass screening for day/night variations in gene expression in the circadian system as well as in the whole brain and peripheral tissues have, during the last decade, been performed. However, studies of circadian changes in the proteome have been less investigated. In this survey, the anatomy and function of the circadian-generating system in mammals is described, and recent proteomic studies that investigate day/night changes in the retina, SCN, and pineal gland are reviewed. Further circadian changes controlled by the SCN in gene and protein expression in the liver are discussed.

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Analysis of daily and circadian gene expression in the rat pineal gland

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Night/Day Changes in Pineal Expression of >600 Genes

Night/Day Changes in Pineal Expression of >600 Genes

Pharmacological modulators of the circadian clock as potential therapeutic drugs

Proteomics of the photoneuroendocrine circadian system of the brain

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