Analysis of decision making in crop protection

Norton, G. A.

doi:10.1016/0304-3746(76)90098-6

Cited by 88 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Biggs, 1985;Lev and Campbell, 1987;Norman, 2002;Commandeur, 2006;Brodt et al, 2006;Odersteijn et al, 2006). Linked to these developments was the acceptance by economists that farmers' behaviour could not be understood only through maximisation of profit (Norton, 1976;Colin and Crawford, 2000), so that concepts such as satisficing behaviour (Simon, 1986) and bounded rationality (Kahneman, 2003) were included in the analysis. When making decisions, farmers and farm households also take into account issues such as long-term preferences, security, lifestyle and quality of life (Brossier et al, 1991;Gafsi and Brossier, 1997).…”

Section: Applying Systems Thinking To Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptiveness to enhance the sustainability of farming systems. A review

Darnhofer

Bellon²,

Dedieu³

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

328

225

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-During the last decade the context in which farmers must manage their farm has changed rapidly, and often with little warning. Dramatic price swings for agricultural commodities, more stringent quality requirements, new environmental regulations, the debates surrounding genetically modified crops, extreme climatic events, the demand for energy crops, the revision of the Common Agricultural Policy and the consequences of the financial crisis all create uncertainty regarding future threats and potentials. During such turbulent times, a one-sided focus on efficient production is no longer enough. Farmers also need to be able to cope with unexpected events and to adapt to new developments. Based on a literature review, we identify three strategies that strengthen the adaptive capacity of a farm: learning through experimenting and monitoring its outcomes, ensuring a flexible farm organisation to increase the options for new activities by the farm family, and diversifying to spread risks and create buffers. Implementing these strategies enlarges the farmer's room to manoeuvre and allows identifying transition options. These options do not depend only on the farm itself, but also on the farmer's ability to mobilise external resources and to engage in collective action. Change is then no longer seen as a disturbance, but as a trigger for the reorganisation of resources, and for the renewal of the farm organisation and activities. Implementing these strategies comes at a cost, so that farmers need to tackle the inevitable trade-offs between efficiency and adaptability. However, unless farmers master this challenge they cannot ensure the sustainability of their farms.adaptive farm management / adaptive capacity / evolutionary approach / complex adaptive systems

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Section: Applying Systems Thinking To Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptiveness to enhance the sustainability of farming systems. A review

Darnhofer

Bellon²,

Dedieu³

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

328

225

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In fact, a variety of approaches have been developed in order to reduce herbicide inputs; these include conservation cropping systems (Young et al, 1996), applying herbicides only when economic threshold values have been reached (Norton, 1976), using combinations of weed control methods (e.g. mechanical, chemical, physical) , shifting from pre-emergence to post -emergence herbicide applications, and applying low dosages of herbicides when weeds are very small (Pierce and Nowak, 1999).…”

Section: Spatial Heterogeneity Of Weedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extent and Implications of Weed Spatial Variability in Arable Crop Fields

Garibay¹,

Richner²,

Stamp³

et al. 2001

Plant Production Science

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: The integration of technologies and principles to assess, manage, and evaluate spatial and temporal variability has enabled the site-specific application of variable rates of agrochemicals. It is referred to as precision management. This article concerns with the potential of precision management for weed control. Weeds are heterogeneously distributed and show different levels of spatial aggregation. A better understanding of weed patchiness is necessary for precision weed management. Studies reviewed in this article showed that significant reduction in the amount of herbicide can be achieved when the spatial variability of weeds is taken into account. It is often difficult, however, to obtain information on the spatial distribution of weeds with accuracy because it depends on monitoring techniques, scales of observation, and statistical methods applied. We conclude that the precision application of herbicides is one approach to managing weeds and it will be possible to achieve a drastic reduction in herbicide applications by using a combination of several different types of weed control strategies. Not only farmers with large fields but also those with small fields should have better access to information on spatial variability to make decisions for weed control.

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“…Simulation models are not tools that he can handle, but he welcomes models for decision support. In principle, the grower's situation can be modelled, but we are not aware of any attempts to model his frame of mind or the way he makes decisions, although interesting papers on decision making in crop protection, in theory (Norton, 1976(Norton, , 1982Norton & Mumford, 1983) and in practice (Mumford, 1982a, b;Tait, 1978Tait, ,1981Tait, , 1982, have been published.…”

Section: Decisions In Agriculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation and systems management in crop protection

1991

Plant Growth Regul

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No part of this publication, apart from bibliographic data and brief quotations embodied in critical reviews, may be reported, re-recorded or published in any form including print, photocopy, microfilm, electronic or electromagnetic record without written permission from the publisher: Pudoc, P.O. Box 4, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands. Population models for fruit-tree red spider mite and predatory mites -R. Rabbinge Pests, disease and weeds have threatened crop production since man began agricultural activity. They are a nuisance to the farmer in every agricultural system, be it subsistence farming or the high input farming now practised in many parts of the Western world. Printed in the NetherlandsIn the last decade, pest and disease management have become accepted terms in crop protection. This is due both to a revolution in thinking and to a considerable increase in knowledge. The rather simplistic concept of destruction or total exclusion of a plant pest or disease has changed, and made way for the concepts of supervised control and pest and disease management. In agricultural systems, disease or pest outbreaks are no longer disasters which must be accepted, but are now manageable and manipulable phenomena. Intensive agriculture is developing into a technological rather than a biological activity.More and more techniques with well-understood effects have been developed and are beginning to dominate the less well-understood methods of biological control. This enables the farmer and his advisers to manage the agricultural system to meet a well-defined target, that of maximum economic return in the short term and sound agricultural practice in the long term.Crop protection is incorporated into a cropping system to manipulate the pathosystem of a crop in a way that prevents economic loss. Crop protection research is following a similar trend: the accent is changing from the 'scientific', to the 'technological'. Both types of research focus on crop protection. Scientific and technological activities are not considered to be qualitatively different, nor can an appeal be made to concepts of'pure' as opposed to 'applied' science. They are considered as points on a convenient spectrum that is defined in terms of the objectives and expectations of the practitioners.This development in crop protection research -from studying and describing effects to understanding, governing and manipulating cropping systems -has been made possible by an enormous increase in our knowledge of the prosesses of crop growth and crop production, and by an improved understanding of how crops behave and can be affected.Systems analysis and simulation have contributed considerably to this development by providing the insight which has led to crop management policies and techniques. Modern crop protection is a complicated affair in which risk, cost-effectiveness and environment must be considered. Genetic resistance, crop husbandry methods and weather determine the course of insect-pest outbreaks and disease epidemics. Pesticides are often...

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Analysis of decision making in crop protection

Cited by 88 publications

References 7 publications

Adaptiveness to enhance the sustainability of farming systems. A review

Adaptiveness to enhance the sustainability of farming systems. A review

Extent and Implications of Weed Spatial Variability in Arable Crop Fields

Simulation and systems management in crop protection

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