Analysis of deuterium induced nuclear reactions giving criteria for the formation process of expanded austenite

Diffusion profiles after nitrocarburizing austenitic stainless steel

“…In the trapping model [12][13][14], also called the trapping-detrapping model, each Cr atom in the stainless steel is associated with a trap site for one interstitial, i.e., it can arrest one diffusing interstitial atom. In this model, since Cr has a higher affinity for nitrogen than for carbon, the trap sites near the surface are preferentially filled with nitrogen atoms, while the carbon atoms will diffuse deeper into the material to locate unfilled trap sites.…”

Magnetic layer formation on plasma nitrided CoCrMo alloy

“…at moderate substrate temperatures of about 400°C leads to a metastable, high N content phase, γ N , in the surface treated layers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. High strength (hardness values as high as 20 GPa), enhanced wear resistance under high loads, and enhanced corrosion resistance compared to underlying stainless steel substrate are a few important technological characteristics associated with the γ N phase (also known as the expanded austenite phase) [3].…”

An investigation on the microstructure, tribological and corrosion performance of AISI 321 stainless steel carbonitrided by RF plasma process

“…Some authors [25][26][27][28] have found a top layer with amorphous/nanocrystalline structure when nitriding austenitic steel and others have denied it [8]. Different mechanisms for plasma treatment of stainless steels have been extensively studied and discussed by many authors [29][30][31][32][33]. However, until today, it is still considered as an attractive subject open for debate to add valuable interpretations particularly to the extremely high growth rate and the microstructure formation.…”