Analysis of Diabetes Mellitus-Related Amputations in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

Abstract

Background and objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) stands out among the most important public health problems worldwide since it represents a high burden on health systems and is associated with higher hospitalization rates, and a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Amputations are among the most common complications, leading to disability and increasing care costs. This research aims to analyze the prevalence of DM-related amputations, comorbidities and associated risk factors in the diabetic population residing in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Materials and Methods: This is a quantitative, exploratory, cross-sectional study with a time series design and the use of secondary data registered and followed by the system of Registration and Monitoring of Hypertension and Diabetes—SisHiperdia. Results: The sample consisted of 64,196 diabetic patients, out of them, 3.9% had type 1 DM, 10.9% with type 2 DM, and 85.2% with DM coexisting with hypertension. Most were female (66.6%), aged 40 to 59 years (45.6%), and 60 years and older (45.2%). The prevalence of DM-related amputations in the analyzed sample was 1.2% in type 1 DM, 1.5% in type 2 DM, and 2.2% in concomitant DM and hypertension. Higher amputation rates were observed in males in the age group above 60 years in type 1 DM and type 2 DM and were slightly higher in the age groups up to 29 years in DM with hypertension. A higher prevalence of amputation was related to smoking, physical inactivity, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diabetic foot (DF) in all types of DM. Conclusions: The present study showed a significant prevalence of DM-related amputations. An increased prevalence was evidenced when correlated with smoking, physical inactivity, AMI, stroke, CKD, and DF with significant statistical associations, except for a sedentary lifestyle in type 1 DM.

Clinical, Pathological and Microbiological Evaluation of Diabetic Foot Syndrome

“…This strain was the most commonly isolated, especially from the respiratory tract in the ICU, and resistant to all the β-lactam antibiotics, including carbapenems [47,48]. The same characteristics were present in the strains isolated from diabetic foot lesions, which raised treatment difficulties [49,50].…”

Current State of Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control in Latin America: Challenges and Innovative Solutions to Improve Health Outcomes Across the Continent

“…Despite the smaller number of studies evaluating the completion of the ADA guidelines for foot care and prevention of microvascular disease, and the varied guideline completion rates previously described (Table 3), the prevalence of long-term microvascular complications associated with diabetes has been documented across LatAm. For instance, in the studies included on our review and others published during the same time frame, the rate of foot ulcers ranged from 1.2 to 14.8% [40, [214][215][216], and nontraumatic lower extremity amputations attributable to diabetes ranges from 1.2 to 7.3% [40,184,214,215,[217][218][219][220][221], and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy ranged from 11.2 to 48% [40, 184, 214, 222, 223]. CKD has become a major public health concern across Central America [224][225][226], and the increasing prevalence of diabetes could exacerbate the incidence of CKD-and eventually end-stage renal disease and its associated health complications-in the region [227][228][229].…”

Factores De Riesgo en La Incidencia De Pie Diabetico

“…Análisis de amputaciones relacionadas con diabetes mellitus en el estado de Espírito Santo, Brasil. 15…”