Analysis of Differential Proteins in Two Wing-Type Females ofSogatella furcifera(Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Abstract

Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) is an important rice pest with the wing dimorphism, including macropterous and brachypterous morphs. The protein expression profiles in two wing-type adults and two wing-type disc fifth-instar nymphs were analyzed using two-dimensional gel protein electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. In adults and fifth-instar nymphs, 127 and 162 protein spots were detected, respectively. Fifty-five differentially expressed protein spots were identified between the long-winged adults and the short-winged adults, and 62 differentially expressed protein spots were found between the long-winged disc fifth-instar nymphs and short-winged disc fifth-instar nymphs. In long-winged and short-winged adults, six and seven specific protein spots were identified, respectively, with five and seven protein spots having more than threefold increased level, respectively. In long-winged and short-winged disc morph nymphs, 8 and 12 specific protein spots were identified, respectively, with 11 and 17 spots containing more than threefold increased level, respectively. Among the 16 identified proteins, five proteins are associated with muscle function, suggesting that muscle is a main tissue where the genes were differentially expressed between the two wing types. In addition, the content of a peptidase with an insulinase domain was higher (by 3.02 ± 0.59 fold) in the short-winged fifth-instar nymphs than in the long-winged fifth-instar nymphs, which suggests that this peptidase may be involved in wing differentiation by regulating insulin receptors. The results of this study provide some genetic clues for the wing differential development in S. furcifera and provide more references for future studies.

Analysis of differential proteins in two different wing‐types of female Nilaparvata lugens

“…long-winged (disc) individuals was much more than that of the short-winged (disc) individuals. In addition, the number of total protein spots found in 5th-instar female was more than that of the female adult, which was consistent with that of the S. furcifer (Liang et al 2016). The functions of differential proteins were mainly focused on catabolic process, fiber and nucleoside binding.…”

“…In general, the number of higher content proteins in the long‐winged (disc) individuals was much more than that of the short‐winged (disc) individuals. In addition, the number of total protein spots found in 5th‐instar female was more than that of the female adult, which was consistent with that of the S. furcifer (Liang et al ).…”

“…Troponin C4, titin, myosin heavy chain and other muscle function‐related genes in N. lugens were found in different wing‐type individuals. Actin‐depolymerizing factor 1, Myosin RLC2, Flightin and Tropomyosin 2 were found in this study and S. furcifera research (Liang et al ), whose function was related to muscle. The interactions among these proteins constitute muscle differences between different wing‐type individuals.…”

“…It was necessary to ensure that, typically, approximately 500 μg protein of each sample was loaded. The two‐dimensional electrophoresis step followed the electrophoresis experiment of S. furcifera (Liang et al ). Each sample was repeated at least three times to ensure three credible biological replicates.…”

“…Two‐dimensional electrophoresis has a high resolution, which can identify the differentially expressed proteins between different individuals combining with mass spectrometry. The applications of this technique in the wing‐type differentiation of rice planthoppers have been reported (Liang et al ). Most of the differential proteins identified in different wing‐types Sogatella furcifera have different functions.…”