“…Specifically, it played a pivotal role in optimizing a myriad of process parameters. These encompassed layer thickness [66][67][68][69], orientation angle [66,67,69], raster angle [66,67,69], raster width [66,67,69], printing temperature [68], infill pattern [68], slice thickness [70], road width [70], liquefier temperature [70], and air gap [67,69,70]. The overarching aim was to minimize dimensional variability [67], reduce build time [71] , enhance accuracy [71], refine surface roughness [70], and meticulously control porosity [70] in FDM parts.…”