Analysis of discordant test results among five second-generation assays for anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies also tested by polymerase chain reaction-RNA assay and other laboratory and clinical tests for hepatitis

Nakagiri, Itsuhiro; Ichihara, Kiyoshi; Ohmoto, Kenji; Hirokawa, Mitsuyoshi; Matsuda, Nobuko

doi:10.1128/jcm.31.11.2974-2980.1993

Cited by 25 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Subsequent second and third generation enzyme‐linked immunoassays and recombinant immunoblot assays detect circulating antibodies to multiple HCV epitopes, including core, which have been shown to appear earlier in the illness 105 . Consequently, serological diagnosis has a sensitivity and specificity that approaches 95% when compared with serum HCV RNA detection by PCR of reverse transcribed cDNA 106 . There is however, a proportion of HCV‐infected individuals who are HCV RNA positive, but negative by serology 107 .…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Hepatitis C Is Based On Serology and Detection mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection

et al. 2001

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Summary Hepatitis C virus, a recently identified member of the family Flaviviridae, is an important cause of chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis. There are similarities in the nature of the immune response to this pathogen with immunity in other flavivirus and hepatotropic virus infections, such as hepatitis B. However, the high rate of viral persistence after primary hepatitis C infection, and the observation that neutralizing antibodies are not protective, would suggest that there are a number of important differences between hepatitis C, other flaviviruses, and hepatitis B. The phenomenon of quasispecies evolution and other viral factors have been proposed to contribute to immune evasion by hepatitis C virus. In the face of established persistent infection, virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes may exert some control over viral replication. However, these same effectors may also be responsible for the progressive liver damage characteristic of chronic hepatitis C infection. The nature of protective immunity, including the role of innate immune responses early after hepatitis C exposure, remains to be defined.

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Section: Diagnosis Of Hepatitis C Is Based On Serology and Detection mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunopathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection

et al. 2001

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“…Analysis and cloning of the HCV genome has provided the viral antigens necessary for the development of specific serologic tests [167][168][169]. Currently, RT-PCR allows for the identification, quantification, and sequence analysis of the HCV genome in infected individuals [117,170,171].…”

Section: Current Application Of Molecular Diagnostics Clinical Microbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases

Ohkusu

Ezaki²

2014

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In DNA-based diagnostics, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most widely used DNA amplification method. To enable both sensitive and specific detection of agents causing infectious diseases, the PCR needs to be combined with methods to prepare the clinical sample containing the genetic material of the pathogen. Furthermore, methods for detection and DNA sequence analysis of the PCR amplification products are needed. This thesis describes the development of integrated systems for detection, quantification and characterization of microorganisms.An immunomagnetic separation (IMS) technique has been used to isolate Bordetella pertussis from nasopharyngeal aspirate samples. The post-PCR detection and typing of Bordetella spp. was performed by a combination of restriction enzyme analysis of the amplified pertussis toxin (PT) promoter region and a solid-phase colorimetric detection system; detection of immobilized amplified nucleic acid (DIANA). To investigate whether this approach could be used for reliable discrimination between the three Bordetella spp. infecting humans, the PT promoter region used for diagnostics was sequenced in 33 strains. To determine the DNA sequence of this polymorphic and repetitive region, a new technique, bidirectional pyrosequencing, was utilized. This procedure was used to resolve the sequence of this DNA region, which is able to form stable secondary structures in conventional Sanger DNA sequencing. A quantitative assay using competitive PCR and the DIANA detection technique was also developed, for quantification of B. pertussis in clinical samples.By arbitrary PCR, a DNA sequence apparently specific for Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal was isolated and characterized. A nested PCR assay was developed for sensitive and specific detection of V. cholerae O139 Bengal in clinical samples and in environmental water samples, where differentiation between V. cholerae O139 Bengal and V. cholera O1 is of epidemiological interest.The magnetic separation approach was also used to capture human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) RNA from patient plasma. A nested reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with four internal competitors was combined with electrophoretic separation and quantification of the PCR amplicons on an automated DNA sequencer. From the internal calibration curve, the amount of HIV-1 RNA in the sample could be determined. Furthermore, a primer extension assay was combined with detection and quantification of the competitive PCR products by the same biochemiluminescent detection technique that is used in pyrosequencing. Quantification of HIV-1 viral load has implications in monitoring of antiretroviral therapy and in assessment of disease progression into AIDS. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSThis thesis is based on the following papers, which in the text will be referred to by their Roman numerals:

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“…While the most common laboratory finding is an elevated ALT, it is normal in 30–40% of patients with chronic HCV 3 . Both the EIA and the recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) detect HCV IgG with a sensitivity and a specificity of greater than 95% 10,12 …”

Section: Hepatitis Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C and HIV Infections: Implications for Clinical Care in Injection Drug Users

Sullivan

Fiellin

2004

American J Addict

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Our objective is to provide a state-of-the-art review on hepatitis C (HCV) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in injection drug users (IDUs), highlighting important clinical issues. We performed a literature review from the MEDLINE database for research from 1966 to 2003, with an emphasis on recent consensus documents. Of the estimated 15 million illicit drug users in the U.S., approximately 1.0 to 1.5 million inject drugs. IDUs are at significant risk of contracting HCV and HIV, with IDUs accounting for 60% of new HCV cases and 25% of new HIV infections. It is a major risk factor for HCV/HIV coinfection, which significantly impacts on each disorder's progression. It appears that treatment response in IDUs with HCV or HIV is similar to non-IDUs with these viruses and that medication adherence and treatment outcomes are optimized when linked with substance abuse treatment. Providers caring for patients who are or were IDUs must be aware of the management of these diseases and make efforts to integrate their medical care with the treatment of their substance abuse.

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Analysis of discordant test results among five second-generation assays for anti-hepatitis C virus antibodies also tested by polymerase chain reaction-RNA assay and other laboratory and clinical tests for hepatitis

Cited by 25 publications

References 10 publications

Immunopathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection

Immunopathogenesis of hepatitis C virus infection

Molecular Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases

Hepatitis C and HIV Infections: Implications for Clinical Care in Injection Drug Users

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