Analysis of distributed generation sources and load shedding schemes on isolated grids case study: The Bahamas

Abstract

Caribbean islands such as the Bahamas, Grenada and St. Lucia are affected yearly by seasonal hurricanes and tropical storms which can lead to blackouts and voltage variations of the power system. The Bahamas in particular consists of 16 isolated island grids which inhabits a population of 300,000. Diesel generators are employed to provide electricity for each island, but with increasing oil prices, and maintenance cost the Bahamas Electricity Corporations faces a huge loss on electricity generation in the millions of dollars each year. To decrease this loss and to improve the power quality of the system, distributed generation systems are being sought after. This paper investigates the effects of utilizing renewable energy sources on the island of New Providence, Bahamas and analyzing various load shedding schemes on the system in the instance of a disturbance due to a natural disaster. A report of the New Providence Transmission system was used in modeling the 132kV grid system using the Electrical Transient Analyzer Program 12.0 (ETAP) environment to perform a load flow and transient analysis for reducing power losses in the transmission system and improving reliability of the Bahamian distribution system.

Enhancing Distribution Resilience with Mobile Energy Storage: A Progressive Hedging Approach

“…Eq. ( 6)- (7) limit the maximum charging and discharging power to P k and binary variable u kbts ∈ {0, 1} indicates if mobile ES unit k is located at bus b in time period t and scenario s. If u kbts = 0, the energy state-of-charge remains unchanged. Eq.…”

“…Provided a timely disaster forecast, power grid operators can prevent these failures, or at least mitigate their impacts, by strategically placing flexible back-up resources in the distribution system to strengthen its weak nodes (buses) and weak links (lines) [3]. Since the disaster forecasts are normally available on a short notice (for instance, NOAA forecasts are available 48-168 hours ahead [4]), only a few technologies are physically suitable to be deployed, relocated or activated within this time frame: distributed energy resources, including portable diesel generators [5] and parked electric vehicles [3], adaptive microgrids [6], or preventive load shedding [7]. The objective of this paper is to illustrate that mobile ES The authors are with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University.…”

Benefits of Demand Side Management strategies for an island supplied by marine renewable energies

“…Strategies based on load shifting for which delay and advance scheduling can be considered [8,9] are the most used [7,10,11,12]. They allow the demanded energy to be conserved, which is not the case with the peak clipping strategy, where load is shed [13]. Among all the flexible loads which can be considered, the water heaters and the electric room heaters are often studied in papers dealing with DSM [14,15].…”