Analysis of early biofilm formation on oral implants in man

Abstract

Biofilm formation on oral implants can cause inflammation of peri-implant tissues, which endangers the long-term success of osseointegrated implants. It has been reported previously that implants revealing signs of peri-implantitis contain subgingival microbiota similar to those of natural teeth with periodontitis. The purpose of the first part of this study was an atraumatic, quantitative investigation of biofilm formation on oral implant abutments; the objective of the second part was to investigate whether Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis were present in the crevicular fluid around oral implants. Biofilm formation on 14 healing abutments, inserted for 14 days in 10 patients, was analysed quantitatively by use of secondary-electron and Rutherford-backscattering-detection methods. A 16S rRNA-based polymerase chain reaction detection method was used to detect the presence of H. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in the crevicular fluid. For this investigation, samples of sulcus fluid were collected with sterile paper points at four measurement points per abutment. The difference between biofilm coverage of supragingival surfaces (17.5 +/- 18.3%) and subgingival surfaces (0.8 +/- 1.0%) was statistically significant (P < 0.05). By use of universal primers, bacteria were found in all the samples taken, although the two periodontal pathogens were not found in any of the samples. The absence of periodontal pathogens from the sulcus fluid during initial bacterial colonization, despite massive supragingival biofilm formation, substantiates the assumption that cellular adherence of peri-implant tissue by means of hemidesmosoma, actin filaments and microvilli reduces the risk of formation of anaerobic subgingival pockets.

Inhibition of initial bacterial adhesion on titanium surfaces by lactoferrin coating

“…6 Then, late colonizers, such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, are aggressive and damage periimplant tissue by a variety of putative virulence factors, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), proteolytic enzymes, and chondroitin sulfate, which activate the host immune response and cause the formation of a biofilm. 6,[8][9][10] The dental plaque on the abutment surface of supra gingiva can be cleaned by daily brushing but the subgingival plaque is not easily removed and creates a more suitable environment for the growth of periodontal pathogens. 10 Thus, the optimal surface of dental implant abutments should inhibit bacterial adhesion, especially in the early stages of biofilm formation.…”

Oral Bacterial Adhesion and Biocompatibility of Silver-Amorphous Carbon Films: A Surface Modification for Dental Implants

“…Some of these studies reported similar supra and subgingival microbiota on teeth and Ti implants (Shibli et al, 2008, Furst et al, 2007, Groessner-Schreiber et al, 2004. In contrast, other studies found an absence of periodontal pathogens like Aggregatibacter (formerly Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Heuer et al, 2007) or sporadic high numbers of Parvimonas micra (formerly Peptostreptococcus micros), Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis (Furst et al, 2007, Salvi et al, 2008. The biofilm formation process is extremely complicated and this is particularly true when multiple species are present in the biofilm as in dental plaque.…”

Detección Temprana Mediante PCR de Patógenos Periodontales en Relación a Implantes Oseointegrados

“…Estos hallazgos concuerdan con la mayoría de las publicaciones consultadas, siendo el único autor que discrepa al respecto Heuer et al (2007). Estos autores, analizaron mediante PCR la presencia de Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans, sinónimo de Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Norskov-Lauritsen & Kiliany, 2006), y P. gingivalis, dos semanas después de la conexión, en 14 implantes colocados en 10 pacientes, obteniendo las muestras mediante conos de papel.…”