Analysis of ecotypic differences in tall fescue (<i>Festuca arundinacea</i> Schreb.)

Chatterjee, B. N.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1961.tb03652.x

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…An exception to this observation was found in Algerian ryegrass, which was taller than the other varieties, even in February when initiation of floral apices had scarcely begun. The latter observation corresponds well with the known behaviour of North African varieties of tall fescue (5), which have been found to produce longer leaves and tillers in winter than temperate varieties, and also with observed relationships between leaf expansion and place of origin in Phalaris (7). The shorter leaves and intemodes of more northerly varieties can thus be seen as representing an adaptation to less favourable winter conditions, or as constituting a form of winter dormancy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Patterns of Spring Growth in Swards of Different Grass Varieties

Davies¹,

Calder²

1969

Grass and Forage Science

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Production of dry matter by swards of ryegrass and cocksfoot varieties in winter and spring is dependent on a number of growth processes, each with different environmental requirements. Growth in the strict sense with the production of new leaves has been found to continue throughout the winter in Aberystwyth, although the rate of production fell very low during periods when the mean air temperature approached freezing, especially in cocksfoot varieties. Because of the ceiling set by the natural balance between leaf death and leaf formation, net increases in weight of above–ground parts in undefoliated plants may not occur for extended periods during winter. When, however, tiller numbers start to increase, or the ceiling is raised by an increase in size of tillers, dry–weight increases can come about. The extension of leaves and intern odes in spring, measured in terms of sward height, seems to be largely governed by flower initiation. A certain degree of extension was found to be present before this in an Algerian type. Practical distinctions between early and late types, which are based on flowering dates or sward height, or on parameters influenced by these characters, are not associated with similar differences in production of above–ground parts. These distinctions do not, therefore, permit a completely full and accurate picture to be obtained of winter– and spring–growth potentials in different varieties.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Patterns of Spring Growth in Swards of Different Grass Varieties

Davies¹,

Calder²

1969

Grass and Forage Science

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“…Previous research has compared growth responses of Mediterranean and temperate tall fescue populations to temperature, especially to low temperature (Chatterjee 1961;Morgan 1964;MacColl and Cooper 1967;Robson 1967;Robson andJewiss 1968a, 1968b), and daylength (Robson 1967;Robson and Jewiss 1968b). However, the comparative responses of Mediterranean and temperate tall fescue populations to water deficit and the physiological mechanisms involved were left almost unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of water deficit on Mediterranean and temperate cultivars of tall fescue

Assuero¹,

Matthew²,

Kemp³

et al. 2002

Aust. J. Agric. Res.

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Two glasshouse experiments were carried out to evaluate the morphological and physiological responses to water deficit of Mediterranean and temperate tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivars. In Expt 1, 3 cultivars were studied: 2 temperate cultivars, Grasslands Advance (GA) and El Palenque (EP); and a Mediterranean cultivar, Maris Kasba (MK). Water deficit was induced in containers of 4 plants of a single cultivar by withholding water. In Expt 2, plants of EP and MK were grown together in the same container and received water daily with gradation in intensity of water deficit achieved by varying the daily water ration per container.All cultivars in each experiment exhibited commonly reported responses to water deficit, characterised by diminished evaporative surface area and increased root : shoot ratio. The response of MK was primarily morphological and MK plants had smaller plant size, higher root : shoot ratio, and a lower growth rate compared with temperate cultivars. By contrast, response of temperate cultivars was primarily physiological; stomatal conductance of temperate cultivars was lower and these cultivars had a greater tendency for leaf lamina osmotic adjustment than MK under the most stressful water deficit conditions studied. The morphological adaptations of MK were very effective in delaying the onset of water deficit in Expt 1 when plants were grown with others of the same cultivar, but rendered MK plants uncompetitive and more susceptible to water deficit in Expt 2 where plants of MK where interspersed with plants of a temperate cultivar.Additional keywords: plant water relations, roots. S . G . A s s u e r o , C . M a t t h e w , P . K e mp , D . J . B a r k e r , A . M a z z a n t i A R 0 1 0 2 3 Wa t e r d e f i c i t e f f e c t s o n c o n t r a s t i n g t a l l f e s c u e s S . G . A s s u e r o e t a l .

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“…Larvae performed equally well across all groups when reared with grass clippings, despite variation in leaf texture and nutritive value. Northern European and Mediterranean ecotypes are distinct (Chatterjee, 1961;Craven et al, 2009), the former possibly derived from diploid meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) Gregarious and window feeding may allow more efficient exploitation of common feeding sites on tougher leaves.…”

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Does Modification of Tall Fescue Leaf Texture and Forage Nutritive Value for Improved Livestock Performance Increase Suitability for a Grass‐feeding Caterpillar?

Keathley

Potter

2011

Crop Science

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Grass breeders are developing new forage‐type tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort = Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh., formerly known as Festuca arundinacea Schreb.] cultivars with smoother texture, improved nutritive value, and reduced fiber for improved livestock performance. We tested if such grasses are also more susceptible to a grass‐feeding caterpillar. True armyworms, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth), were reared from first instar to adult on grass clippings from thirteen fescue cultivars or accessions differing in texture (smooth vs. standard), ecotype (northern European vs. Mediterranean), use (pasture vs. turf‐type), or provenance to clarify how modifying the texture (edge spines, trichomes, or cellulose margin), thickness, tissue strength, and nutritive value (dry matter, fiber, ash, or N) of pasture grasses will affect their resistance. We also studied feeding site initiation and development of first instars on intact leaf blades when prevented from exploiting a cut leaf edge. Larvae performed equally well across all groups when reared with grass clippings, despite variation in leaf texture and nutritive value. On intact blades, however, leaf thickness and tissue strength were correlated with reduced feeding site initiation and larval development. Gregarious and window feeding may allow more efficient exploitation of common feeding sites on tougher leaves. True armyworm is adapted to feed on a range of structurally‐diverse grasses, so increased use of forage‐type tall fescue cultivars with smoother texture or reduced fiber is unlikely to worsen its damage to pastures.

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Analysis of ecotypic differences in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Patterns of Spring Growth in Swards of Different Grass Varieties

Patterns of Spring Growth in Swards of Different Grass Varieties

Effects of water deficit on Mediterranean and temperate cultivars of tall fescue

Does Modification of Tall Fescue Leaf Texture and Forage Nutritive Value for Improved Livestock Performance Increase Suitability for a Grass‐feeding Caterpillar?

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