Analysis of edible characteristics, antioxidant capacities, and phenolic pigment monomers in Lilium bulbs native to China

Potential Applications of Lilium Plants in Cosmetics: A Comprehensive Review Based on Research Papers and Patents

“…Studies have suggested that phenols are one of the most abundant bioactive components in lilies [ 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Phenolic acids and flavonoids are the most abundant polyphenols in lilies.…”

“…unicolor , L. davidii var. willmottiae , L. lancifolium , and L. pumilum ) [ 9 ]. Moreover, the TPC and TFC are also much higher in many cultivars than in the widely used lily species [ 12 ].…”

“…Moreover, the TPC and TFC are also much higher in many cultivars than in the widely used lily species [ 12 ]. The TPC in lily bulbs is much higher than that in some leafy vegetables such as Brassica rapa L. ssp and Amaranthus , and some wild fruits such as Celtis australis , Ficus palmata , Morus alba , and Prunus armeniaca [ 9 ]. Additionally, the TFC in some lilies was higher than that in B. rapa and Vitis davidii [ 9 ].…”

“…The TPC in lily bulbs is much higher than that in some leafy vegetables such as Brassica rapa L. ssp and Amaranthus , and some wild fruits such as Celtis australis , Ficus palmata , Morus alba , and Prunus armeniaca [ 9 ]. Additionally, the TFC in some lilies was higher than that in B. rapa and Vitis davidii [ 9 ]. In addition, our latest study has also shown that the total phenolic acids and total flavonoids in the aerial parts of lily plants are significantly higher than those in the underground parts of scales, implying that the stems, leaves, and flowers of lilies also have potential cosmetic uses (unpublished).…”

“…The genus Lilium belongs to the family Liliaceae, which is one of the major plant families used in cosmetic formulations for skin care [ 8 ]. Many studies have shown that Lilium is rich in amino acids; polysaccharides; and bioactive components such as phenolics, flavonoids, and saponins, which are important sources of natural products [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. These compounds have proven to exert numerous health benefits, such as anti-inflammatory [ 14 ], antitumor [ 15 ], hypoglycemic [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], and antidepressant [ 19 ] effects, as well as ultraviolet (UV) absorption, free radical scavenging, carcinogenesis inhibition, wrinkling, and other skin care effects [ 4 , 5 , 20 ].…”